广德二中2006届高考总复习
I. 词汇
A. 单词：relic; pyramid; represent; include; ruin; burn; restore; portrait; recreate; unite; period; damage; project; brick; official; cave; pollution; breath; limit; continent; tie; athlete; medal; torch; dive; shooting; competitor; further; prepare; effect; compete; weight; position; point; title; gesture; facial
B. 短语：give in; give up; in ruins; bring…back to life; pull down; set up; in one’s opinion; with the help of; so far; make oneself heard; stand for; because of; would rather; take part; in preparation for; prefer…to…; have…effect on; by hand
II. 重点精讲
A. 重点单词
1. include：v.主要义项有：包括；包含；使成为……的一部分
相关归纳：（1）included（包括……在内）放在被包括的之后。（2）including（包括……在内）放在被包括的之前。
Eg. We all went, me included.
Six people were killed in the riot(暴乱), including a policeman.
2. burn：可以作动词或名词。作动词时，主要义项有：着火；燃烧；烧伤；烧焦；发烫；渴望；有强烈的情感。作名词时，主要义项有：烧伤；灼伤；烧的痕迹。
相关归纳：(1)burn sth. down（被）烧毁
Eg. The fire burned down the house.
（2）burn sth. up被烧毁；被烧掉
Eg. The spaceship burned up as it entered the earth’s atmosphere.
（3）burn away（使）烧掉；烧光
Eg. Half the candle had burnt away.
（4）burn out/burn itself out烧尽；熄灭（
Eg. The fire had burnt (itself) out before the fire engines arrived.
5）burn out或burn yourself/sb. out耗尽体力；积劳成疾；累夸
Eg. If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he’ll burn himself out.
3. breathe：v.主要义项有：呼吸；呼出
breath：n.呼吸；呼出的空气
相关归纳：（1）hold one’s breath（由于激动、害怕等）不出声；屏息（2）out of breath上气不接下气；喘不过气来（3）short of breath呼吸短促
Eg. She was very short of breath.
（4）take one’s breath away令人惊叹；让人叹绝
Eg. My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
4. prepare：v.使作好准备；把……预备好；防范；准备（n. preparation）
常见搭配有：prepare +sth./sb. (for sb./sth.;
Eg. A hotel room is being prepared for them.
The college prepares students for a career in business.这个学院是培养商务人才的。prepare +for sth.; prepare +to do sth.
相关归纳：（1）in preparation (for)（为……）准备
Eg. The team has been training hard in preparation for a big game.
（2）be prepared (for sth.)准备好；有所准备
Eg. I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无准备。
（3）be prepared to do愿意
Eg. We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
5. point：v.指，指向；瞄准；对着，朝向。n.观点，论点；要点，重点；目的；意图；时刻；关头；得分；小数点
相关归纳：（1）to the point简明恰当；简洁中肯
Eg. The letter was short and to the point.（简明扼要）
（2）to the point of (doing) sth.达到某种程度；近乎
Eg. He was rude to the point of being aggressive.他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的程度。
（3）up to a point在某种程度上
Eg. I agree with you up to a point.
（4）point out指（给某人）看；（向某人）指出
Eg. I’ll point him out to you next time he comes in.
B. 重点短语
1. give up放弃；戒掉；认输
Eg. He doesn’t give up easily.
2. give in让步；屈服；投降；勉强同意；交上
Eg. Please give your work in before Monday.
相关归纳：（1）give away背弃；出卖；泄漏；暴露；赠送；泄露
Eg. She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
（2）give off（散）发出
Eg. She gives off a smell of rose.
（3）give back还给；归还；使恢复
Eg. The operation gave him back the use of his legs.
（4）give sb. a hand帮某人的忙
3.base sth. on/upon以……为根据（基础）；把……建立在……
Eg. One should always base his opinion on facts.
4. so far迄今为止；到目前为止
相关归纳：（1）by far(常用来修饰比较级或最高级,用以加强语气)大大的：……得多
The last of these reasons is by far the most important.
（2）as far as the eye can/could see极目所尽（3）as far as I know就我所知（4）as far as I can remember(see, tell, etc.)尽我所记得的；依我看（5）as far as sb./sth. be concerned就……而言
Eg. As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.
（6）as far as it goes在有限程度上（通常指不满意）
Eg. It’s a good plan as far as it goes, but there are a lot of things they haven’t thought of.
5. every four year每四年：every与数词或few、other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，一般形成以下结构：（1）every+基数词+复数名词，意为“每……”；（2）every+序数词+单数名词，意为“每第……”；（3）every+other+单数可数名词，指“每隔……”；（4）every+ few+复数名词，译成“每隔几……”
6. make sure确保；一定要；保证做到；核实；弄清楚
相关归纳：（1）be sure of/be sure that有把握；确信。主语是人，表示主语感到“有把握，确信”。（2）be sure to do一定要；必然会。主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测主语“一定要，必然会”。
Eg. He is sure to succeed.
C. 必背句型
1. 表示“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”的句型：可用sb. do what one can to do或sb. do everything/all (that) one can do来表达。该句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。也可用do/try one’s best to do来表达
Eg. Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do what she could to help him.
2. 用why表示建议的句型：Why not+动词？或Why don’t you+动词？
3. be+介词+名词：可用来表示动作，名词前不能使用冠词。
Eg. It was under attack for 900 days,… be at work ;bi on business…
4. would rather…(than…)：（1）would/had rather…(than)意为“宁愿……而不愿；宁愿；更喜欢”。（2）would rather后接从句时，从句中用过去时。
Eg. I’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
III. 疑难突破
1. farther, further：表示时间、空间和距离时两者可换用；表示“进一步、进一层、更多”时，只能用further。
Exercise:
(1) I could walk no ____.
(2) This problem will be _____ discussed tomorrow.
(3) No _____ explanation is needed.
(4) It means every athlete should try to run faster, jump higher, and throw _____.
2. bring, take, carry, fetch
（1）bring指将某物或某人从其他地方带到说话人所在地方。
（2）take将人或物从说话人所在地方带到别处。
（3）carry携带东西从一处到另一处，无方向性。
（4）fetch指到别处去，然后把某物或人带来。
3. prepare, prepare for, get (be) ready:
（1）get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：a. get ready (for sth.); b. get sth. ready; c. be ready (for sth.); d. be ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)
（2）prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
（3）prepare for意为“为……作准备”，for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
（4）常见结构：prepare sth.准备某物（事）prepare sth. for sth.使……为……作好准备prepare to do sth.准备做某事prepare for sth.为某事作准备prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有思想准备be prepared for sth.准备好应付某事
Exercise:
(1) Mother was busy ____ us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
(2) The doctor told the nurses to _____ the operation at once.
(3) We _____ to do anything for the people.
(4) Will you help me ____ the party?
(5) Please _____ be seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
(6) The teacher is _____ the exam.
(7) The students are ____ the exam.
(8) Will you _____ her for the bad news that is coming?
4. win, beat:
（1）beat宾语只能是表示人的词或一个集体，“在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人”应说beat sb. in…。
（2）win作“赢”解时，其宾语通常是war, battle, game, match, argument, medal等，不能时表示人的词。
Exercise:
(1) They do their best to _____ medals.
(2) We _____ their team by 10 points.
(3) Jim _____ Tom by a yard and _____ the race.
(4) Do you know who _____ the Nobel Prize for physics this year?
5. manage to do, try to do：
（1）manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.，表示“努力做成某事”。
（2）try to do sth.表示“试图、企图、努力”去做，不强调结果。
6. because of, because:
（1）because是连词，用来引导表语从句或状语从句。
（2）because of是介词，用于名词、代词、what从句或动名词前。