junk n. old useless things 垃圾
You should get rid of all the old junk in the room. 你该把室内的所有破烂清除掉。
junk food 垃圾食品junk mail垃圾邮件junk market废旧品市场
nothing but junk in the annual report.年度报告中除了一些废话什么都没有
fat n. a substance like oil which is used in cooking脂肪；油脂 obese,stout
They have a lot of fat under their skin. 它们的皮肤下面有很多脂肪。fat salary高薪
vitamin n. any one of several chemical substances necessary for health维生素，维他命
Oranges contain vitamin C. 橘子含有维生素C。
snack a small meal; a little food n. 快餐，小吃snack bar I'm not hungry but I'd like a snack. 我并不饿，不过我倒喜欢来点小吃。He feels like a snack. 他想吃点
stomach n. place in the body where food goes when one eats it 胃；肚子stomach ache What a stomach he has got! 他真是一个大腹便便的人! a loaded stomach 吃得很饱
fever n. an illness when you have a high temperature发烧；发热
He has a fever and a temperature of 38.5 degree. 他发烧，体温38.5摄氏度。
n. (usu. a fever) a highly excited state; great excitement（通常指）狂热；激动
I am in a fever of excitement. 我十分兴奋。disco fever.迪斯高热 flu fever China fever
salad n. cold vegetables or fruit mixed together 色拉（西餐中的凉拌菜）
A dish consisting of green, leafy raw vegetables, often with radish, cucumber, or tomato, served with a dressing.沙拉：由绿色有叶生菜制成的一道菜，常加有萝卜、黄瓜或西红柿，并加调味品食用 A cold dish of chopped fruit, meat, fish, eggs, or other food, usually prepared with a dressing, such as mayonnaise.凉拌食品：由切碎的水果、肉、鱼、蛋或其它食物组成的凉菜，常配有调料，如蛋黄酱 salad oil apple salad fruit salad
peach n. round, juicy fruit with a yellow red skin桃子 peach blossom桃花
受人喜欢的人；受人喜欢的物；美女What a peach of a study!多好的一间书房!
Mother put the peaches in her basket. 母亲把桃（子）放在篮子里。
ripe adj. ready for picking and eating熟的；成熟的
Autumn is a busy season, and the crops are ripe. 秋季是繁忙的季节，庄稼成熟了。
The time is ripe for great societal changes.社会大变革的时机已经成熟了
熟练的，老练的：完全成熟的，如通过研究或经历；成熟老练的：
ripe judgment.成熟老练的判断Advanced in years:年富的，年高的：the ripe age of 90.九十岁
ought v. aux. should, must (showing that it is your duty to do something)应当；应该
ought to 应当；应该This work ought to be done at once. 这项工作应当马上就做。
examine vt. look at something or someone carefully检查；细看
All the machines will be examined. 所有机器都将检查一遍。examine an account
检查帐目examine a patient.诊察患者
plenty n.[u] a large number; as much as you need 充足；大量；丰富
live in plenty生活富裕I have plenty to do. 我有很多事要做 plenty of 许多；大量的。plenty of time take plenty of healthy exercise多作有益健康的活动
energy n. power to do a lot of work精力 He has much energy. 他精力充沛。
n. force or power to make things, machines, etc. move or work能，能量
The light energy comes from the sun. 光能来自太阳。
精神，力气：精力或能力的耗用：a project requiring a great deal of time and energy.
一项需要耗用大量时间和精力的方案
Vitality and intensity of expression:充满活力和激情的表述：
a speech delivered with energy and emotion.一个充满力量及激情的演说
Usable heat or power:热能源，电能：可用的热量或能量：
Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the world's energy.
每年美国人都消耗掉世界能源的很大比例
Physics The capacity of a physical system to do work.【物理学】 能量，能：物理系统做功的容量能力n.attributive.（定语名词）
energy conservation; energy efficiency; an energy czar.
能量守恒；功效；强权的沙皇
soft adj. with no alcohol不含酒精的 Lemonade is a soft drink. 柠檬水是一种不含酒精的饮料a soft economy疲软的经济；。
bar n. a relatively long, straight, rigid piece of solid material条；棒a bar of chocolate
障碍；阻碍物His bad English is a bar to his using new computer software. (喻)
他的英语很差,这是他运用新电脑软件的一个障碍。behind bars: in prison在监狱服刑
fuel n. wood, coal, oil, etc. that you burn to make heat or power燃料；营养物
Coal, oil, wood and gas are fuels. 煤炭，石油，木柴和煤气都是燃料。nuclear fuel
diet n. usual food饮食；食物,特种饮食go on a diet节食
Cows have a diet of grass. 牛的食物是草。
vt., vi.节食；吃限定食物The doctor has dieted the patient strictly.医生严格规定病人的饮食。
"No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting."
calorie n. (=calory) 卡路里；卡（热量单位）表示在一个大气压下将1克水从某标准起始温度加热到温度升高1=C所需的加热量，She's on a low - calorie diet.
她只吃低热量的东西。What is your daily intake of calories?你每天摄取的热量是多少？
keep up with walk or drive as fast as another person or thing so that you are together跟上
She had to run to keep up with them. 她得跑着才能跟上他们。
Are wages keeping up with inflation?工资跟得上通货膨胀吗？
pace n.[c] step步；步调 He stepped backward a pace or two. 他后退了一两步。
keep pace（常与with连用）跟上，与…同步；并驾齐驱
Are wages keeping pace with inflation?
make a choice choose 做出选择
There were so many cakes that it was difficult to make a choice.
糕点那么多，以致挑选起来很困难。
nutrient n. a source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food
营养物 adj. providing nourishment 有营养的
nutrition n. nourishment营养
nutritious adj. 有营养的
protein n. body building substance essential to good health in such foods as milk, eggs蛋白质 Protein is the base of life. 蛋白质是生命的基础。protein compounds; protein diets.蛋白质化合物；蛋白质丰富的膳食
muscle n. that part of flesh which can be tightened and loosened to move parts of the body肌肉 When we walk, we exercise our leg muscles. 我们走路时，锻炼腿上的肌肉。
bean n. a vegetable seed we can eat 豆
calcium n.钙
dairy n. 牛奶场；乳制品dairy products
product n. a thing which is produced a result or work or growth产品；成果
Coffee is Brazil's main product. 咖啡是巴西的主要产物。
〈数〉积The product of 3 and 7 is 21.三和七的乘积是二十一。
carbohydrate n. a substance made up of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon, such as sugar碳水化合物（如糖）Sugars and starchier are carbohydrates. 糖和淀粉是碳水化合物。
fiber n. 纤维；纤维制品 synthetic fiber 合成纤维
mineral n.[c] coal, tin, ore, gold, etc, that comes from under the ground 矿物，矿石
Coal and iron are minerals. 煤和铁都是矿物。mineral waters 矿泉水
function v. work, run起作用；运行
I couldn't ring you because the phone wasn't functioning.我没法给你打电话，因为电话机坏了。
n. special work done by someone or something功能；作用
The function of the heart is to send blood round the body. 心脏的功能就是向全身输送血液。
vegetarian n.[c] 素食 (主义) 者
a strict vegetarian 严格的素食主义者(不仅不吃鱼、肉类,连蛋、牛奶、奶油也不吃)
vegan: [英]严格的素食主义者
Yoghurt [XjCgRt] n. 酸奶
eco-food XIkRuX n. 生态食品eco- 表示“环境、生态、生态学的”之义
ecoclimate [生]生态气候
organic adj. of or relating to the compounds of carbon有机的
organic chemistry 有机化学 朴实的：简单的、健康的和接近自然的：
an organic lifestyle.朴真的生活方式
chemical n. a chemical product化学制品
Edison planted vegetables in his garden and sold them to buy chemicals.
爱迪生在园子里种菜，卖掉菜再买化学药品
adj. of chemistry化学的
This change of state is a physical change and not a chemical one.
这种状态变化是物理变化，而不是化学变化。
balance v. make or keep something steady, so it does not fall; stay steady(使)平衡
Can you balance yourself on skates? 你穿冰鞋能保持平衡吗？
n. when two sides are the same; being steady平衡
the balance of nature 生态平衡
supplement n / v. 增补；补充Sunday supplement
She gives private lessons to supplement her income
fit adj. healthy健康 adj. suited for合适
Keep fit, study hard and work well. 身体好，学习好，工作好。
The weather is not fit to go out in. 这种天气不宜外出。
unit n. one person, one thing; one group单位；单元
The family is often taken as the unit of society. 家庭通常被认为是社会的组成单位。
digest v. change (food) into a state in which the body can use it消化
Food is digested in the stomach. 食物在胃里消化了。
gain v. get sth. more, not to lose增加；获得 No gains without pains.
The masses gain experience through struggle. 群众通过斗争可以取得经验。
sleepy adj. tired; wanting to sleep困乏的；瞌睡的
I feel sleepy,so I'm going to bed. 我感到困倦，要去睡觉了。
refuel v. 补给燃料；补充能量
now and then now and again; occasionally 时而；不时at times often
brain n.[c] the grey substance in the head, with which one thinks脑
The brain is the organ of thought. 大脑是思维器官。
n.[c] mind; intelligence 头脑（常用复数）He's got brains.
I wish I had your brains. 但愿我有你那个（好）脑筋。
(pl)（前面与the连用）一组聪明人the best brains in the country全国精英
peel vt. 剥皮；去皮 n.[u] 水果 [蔬菜 (等) ] 的皮
peel a banana [potatoes] 剥香蕉 [削马铃薯] 的皮
orange [lemon] peel 桔子 [柠檬] 的皮
recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱,诀窍：达到期望之目的的方式或方法：
a recipe for success.成功的诀窍
roll-up n. 卷；卷状食品
roll up make or put into the form of a roll; take the form of a cylinder of ball (使)成卷形
Rolling up his trousers, he worked with the others in the fields.
他卷起裤腿和别人一道在田里干了起来。
tasty adj. good to eat美味的；可口的 delicious,yummy
This fish is very tasty. 这鱼很可口。
ingredient n. one of the parts of a mixture成份；配料
Eggs are the main ingredients of omelets. 煎蛋卷的主要成份是鸡蛋。
mushroom n. [c] 蘑菇；菌类植物
chop vt. cut into very small pieces; cut roughly剁碎 vt. cut by striking with a knife, axe, etc.砍chop wood into pieces 把木头劈碎 chop down a tree 把树枝砍倒
steam vt. cook something in steam蒸煮 vi. give out steam蒸发
Shall we steam or fry the fish? 这鱼我们是蒸还是炸？steam engine 蒸汽机
The kettle was steaming on the stove. 炉子上的壶正在冒热气。
boil vt. cook something in very hot water煮
She boiled rice in the kitchen. 她在厨房里煮饭。
vi. to become hot and change from liquid to gas沸；开
When water boils, it changes into steam. 水沸腾时就变成蒸汽。
make sb.'s blood boil使某人怒气冲天
The watch pot never boil. 性急烧水水不沸。
bacon n. 咸肉；熏肉bring home the bacon获得成功Bacon
lettuce n. 莴苣use lettuce in a salad 用莴苣做色拉
mixture n.[c] group or mass of different things混合物（体）
Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是各种气体的混合物。
spoonful n.[c] 一汤匙 (的量) [of] a spoonful of salt 一汤匙盐
slice vt. cut something into slices切成片Mother sliced the loaf. 把面包切成了薄片。
n. thin piece that one cuts off bread, meat, or other food 片；薄片；切片
Please cut a slice of bread for me. 请给我切一片面包。
dice v. 把……切成小方块 n. 小方块 v掷骰子赌博Arther diced himself into debt.
亚瑟因掷骰子而负了债。
stir vt. move a spoon, etc, round and round to mix something搅拌；搅起
Have you stirred your tea? 你的茶搅和过了吗？“stirred the deeper fibers of my nature”(Oscar Wilde)“触动到我深层的本性
Unit 14 Festivals
Words and expressions
theme n. subject; something to talk or write about, etc.主题；题目subject
What is the theme of the opera? Stamp collecting was the theme of his talk.
theme park （游乐园中的）主题乐园theme song主题歌, 信号曲
dress up wear one's best clothes 盛装；打扮
Let's dress up and go out to the theatre. 我们穿戴整齐到戏院看戏吧。
They dressed their children up for the New Year's Day. 他们给孩子们穿上好衣服过新年。
parade n. a procession; a march for display 游行
make a parade of one's virtues炫耀自己的优点
The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations.
奥运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始。
v.列队行进The soldiers paraded through the town.士兵列队行进通过城镇。
夸耀parade one's skill炫耀自己的技术He is always parading his wealth / his knowledge.
他总爱夸耀自己的财富/知识。
Arabic adj. 阿拉伯人的Arabian nights 天方夜谭, 一千零一夜的故事
holy adj. 神圣的the Holy Bible圣经
Easter n.[u] 复活节The day on which this feast is observed, the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or next after March 21.
symbol n. mark, sign or picture that shows something象征；符号；记号
The letter "V" is a symbol of victory. 字母“V”是胜利的象征。
bunny n. 兔子(儿语) A rabbit, especially a young one
fighting n.[u] 战斗；打仗
Fighting broke out between the North and the South. 南北两方发生了战争。
conflict n. a fight; a struggle争斗；战争
He was wounded in the conflict. 他在战斗中负伤。
n. a clash between ideas, feelings, etc.; a disagreement冲突
conflict of interest利益冲突
It is in conflict with the provisions of the existing treaty. 这与本条约的有关规定相抵触。
argument n. quarrel; fight; tk between people with different ideas辩论；争论
After a long argument, we decided where to go for our holiday.
经过长久的争论，我们把休假的地方决定下来了。
This argument, however, does not hold water.但是,这种观点是站不住脚的。
说服We must settle this by argument not by fighting.
我们应当用说服而不是用打架来解决问题。
destruction n.[u] breaking something totally毁灭；破坏
The strong earthquake left death and destruction behind it.
强烈的地震留下了死亡和破坏
opinion n.[c] what you think about something or somebody 意见；看法
My opinion is different from yours. 我的看法与你的不同。
Public opinion was against the old feudal system.公众舆论反对旧的封建制度。
in one’s opinion 按照某人的看法
major adj. bigger; most important; very great主要的；重大的,主修的,adj. a major artist.主要的艺术家a major improvement.卓越的进步a linguistics major.专修语言学的学生
vi.主修 （与in连用）（在大学里）主修
probably adv. most likely很可能
Do you think you can do it? Well, probably I can.你认为你能干这个吗？哦，我很可能干得了。
honour vt. 尊敬；给以荣誉
Would you honor us by sharing our dinner tonight? 今晚你是否肯赏光与我们一道用餐?
I have the honor to present the governor.我很荣幸能介绍我们的州长
graduated with honors.以优等成绩毕业
贞节，贞操to lose one's honor丧失贞操
He's an honor to his parents.他的父母以他为荣。
do the honors尽地主之谊，作东
ancestor n.[c] forefather祖先；祖宗
John is descended from noble ancestors. 约翰为名门后裔。
principle n. rule for living原则；原理
We should follow the principle of seeking truth. 我们要遵循实事求是的原则。
unity n. the state of being a united whole团结；统一
Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。
community n. group of people who live in one place, have the same interests, etc.团体；社区
New quay is a fishing community. 纽基是一个渔业社区。
nation n. a country with one government国家
All nations, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应一律平等。
n. a large group of people with the same race and culture 民族
The Chinese nation is brave and hardworking. 中华民族是勤劳勇敢的。
self-determination Xself n. determination of one's own fate 自主；自我决定
purpose n. plan; intention; what you are going to do目的；意图 on purpose
'What was the purpose of your journey to London?' ‘你去伦敦的目的是什么？’
creativity n. 创造力；创造性
faith n.[u] feeling sure that you can trust someone or something信任；信仰
Have you any faith in what he says? 你相信他所说的话吗？
commercial adj. having to do with trade or business商业的
joy n.[u] great pleasure happiness; gladness快乐；高兴
It brings joy twofold you. 这真是双喜临门。
light v. give light to something so that you can see it clearly照亮；照明
(lighted, lit; lighted, lit) This room is lighted by electricity. 这个房间用电照明。
v. make something start to burn or shine 点燃
He struck a match and lit the lamp. 他擦着一根火柴把灯点着。
similar adj. alike; almost the same相似的；类似的
Rats and mice are similar animals. 大老鼠和小老鼠是类似的动物。
generation n. all the people who were born at about the same time一代人
The older generation doesn't like pop music. 老一辈的人不喜欢流行音乐。
play a trick on unkind game to make someone look silly 捉弄
The boys hid Jone’s bike to play a trick on him. 孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。
salute vi. 敬礼
The young soldier saluted awkwardly. 那名年轻士兵笨拙地敬礼。
kiss v. touch someone with your lips to show your love or to say hello or goodbye吻
Rosalind kissed her mother good night. 罗莎琳德吻了一下母亲祝她晚安。
n. touch with the lips吻 She gave her mother a kiss. 她吻了她母亲一下。
cheek n.[c] part of the face below the eye and to the side of the nose面颊；脸蛋
Tears streamed (=ran) down her cheeks. 眼泪从她的两颊流下。
nod v. make a short, sharp downward movement with a head, as a sign of greeting, consent, approval, or the like点头（表招呼，赞同等）
He nodded to his friends. 他向他的朋友点头。n. an act of nodding the head点头
He gave me a nod as we passed each other in the street
celebration n. an act or occasion of celebrating庆祝；庆祝会
The day deserves a celebration. 这个日子值得庆贺。
reminder n. 提醒物；暗示
respect vt. to show honour towards; admire尊敬；尊重
Our teacher is highly respected by all. 我们的老师极受大家的尊敬。
with respect to谈到with respect to the recent flood谈到最近的洪水
in all respects无论从哪方面来看 without respect to不管；不考虑
skeleton n.[c] bone frame in the body of an animal or person骨骼；骨架
She is reduced almost to a skeleton by long illness. 她因长期生病骨瘦如柴。
skeleton in (one's) closet
A source of shame or disgrace, as in a family, that is kept secret.家丑
gift n. present; something that you give to someone礼物
It is a gift for my brother. 这是给我兄弟的礼物。 n. a natural power天赋
He has a gift for foreign languages. 他有外语天才。
cycle n. a period of time in which a series of events happens as if in a circle周期；循环
A cycle of the sun takes a year. 太阳循环周期需要一年。
vi. ride a bicycle 骑自行车 Do you like cycling? 你喜欢骑自行车吗？
fool n.[c] someone who is stupid or does something silly蠢人；傻子
What a fool you were! 你真是个大傻瓜！
v. trick someone and make him believe something that is not true愚弄；欺骗
You can't fool me! I don't believe you. 你骗不了我！我不相信你。
take in trick someone 欺骗 receive as a guest or an employee 吸收
I am not to be taken in by your lies. 你的谎言骗不了我。
invitation n. the act of inviting 邀请
I received an invitation to her birthday party. 我收到了她生日宴会的请帖。
occasion n.[c] special time（重大的）时刻；场合
on occasion =Occasionally once in a while from time to time
A wedding is a big family occasion. 婚礼是家庭中的一件大事。
n.[c] a certain time, time when something happens机会；时机
I'll speak to him on the first occasion. 一有机会，我就告诉他。
Mardi Gras [XmA:di XgrA:] an occasion of great festivity and merrymaking
美国和巴西的一个狂欢节日，直译为“油腻的礼拜二”
Ramadan [ZrBmRXdBn] n. the ninth month of the year in the Moslem calendar 斋月