英语定语从句课件趣味
英语最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的关系副词引导的英语定语从句课件趣味，欢迎阅读与收藏。
英语定语从句课件趣味1
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句；
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
英语定语从句课件趣味2
一、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）
和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）
不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.
(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.
(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)
三、关系代词的用法区分
1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
?只能使用that的情况：
（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bi...
英语定语从句课件趣味3
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为的字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。(见上句翻译)
比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.
He has a sister who is a musician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.
1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
英语定语从句课件趣味4
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who (指人）。指人时可用that或who；指物时可用that或which；但有时只能用that，不能用which。
英语that定语从句常见的情况有下列五种：
1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。例如：
Is thereanythingthat I can do for you?
有什么可以为你做的吗？
Allthat can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
That is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The firstthing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last等修饰时。例如：
My necklace is notthe onlything that's missing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who。例如：
Who is the girlthat is wearing a red coat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：
The writer and his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
解剖：要搞清这个问题，我们首先要明白这样一个规定：which用来指代具体的，特定的物，或者说明晰的物，而who用来指具体的人，特定的人，或者说明晰的人。那么上帝当初把that创造出来，还有一个目的'，就是要用它来指代非特定的，非具体的，非同一的，模糊的，泛指的人或物，或人和物的混合。还有一个问题是，上帝创造英语时，同样也要考虑到的。那就是，英语作为这个物质世界的一个存在，如同人类这个物质存在一样，也要讲究美，没有理由的“重复”肯定不是美的（当然也会讲究简洁等，所认我们学英语一定要把“英语”当作“人”一样来对待，因为在上帝眼中，英语与人同样是他的子民。哈哈，题外话说得太多了，这个大问题留待以后再讲）。
一、1---3种情况所表示人或物均不是特定的，即是泛指的，所以只能用that.
二、第4种情况，如果用who或which会导致从复。
三、第5种情况，先行词里既有人又有物，如果用who,完成了指人，但是把物漏掉了，反之亦然，这显然不行，所以那就只能用that了。
只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
英语定语从句课件趣味5
定义：在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.
结构：先行词＋关系词（分为关系副词和关系代词）＋从句.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词通常位于定从前.
关系代词、关系副词：位于先行词和定从之间,它既起了连接作用,又充当从句的一个成分.
定语从句知识大讲解
一. 定语从句的概念
定语从句:指在在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二.引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,
which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English
novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, theone等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that,例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五. 关系副词的用法
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
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