用法
(1)作定语
单个的分词作定语，一般置于所修饰的词前;分词短语作定语置于所修饰的词后，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.
许多兴奋的人们想乘地铁旅行。
The countries you referred to just now belong to developing countries.
你刚才提到的那些国家属于发展中国家。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.
=People developed a kind of paper which/that was made from the fibers of plants.
人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
=The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.
正在(被)建的那些房子是给老师们的。
The little boy standing over there is a classmate of mine.
站在那边的小男孩是我班的同学。
* 不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别
不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作;现在分词作定语常表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语表示过去的动作。如：
The problem to be discussed tomorrow is very important.
The problem discussed yesterday is very important.
The problem being discussed now is very important.
(2)作状语
a)分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语时，必须与句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
b)分词作状语形式的选择