初中英语知识点总结

时间:2024-12-08 16:51:01 知识点总结 我要投稿

(精华)初中英语知识点总结

  总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价,从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,它能够给人努力工作的动力,不如立即行动起来写一份总结吧。总结怎么写才不会千篇一律呢?下面是小编为大家整理的初中英语知识点总结,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

(精华)初中英语知识点总结

初中英语知识点总结1

  一、陈述句:

  陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。

  Tom has a new car.汤姆有辆新车。

  The flower isn’t beautiful.这花不美。

  二、陈述句否定式的构成

  1.如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。

  He is playing the guitar.他正在弹吉他。(肯定)

  He is not playing the guitar.他不在弹吉他。(否定)

  We can get there before dark.天黑前我们能够到达那里。(肯定)

  We can’t get thee before dark.天黑前我们不能到达那里。(否定)

  2.如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。

  He plays the violin well.他小提琴拉的很好。(肯定)

  He doesn’t play the violin well.他小提琴拉的不好。(否定)

  She won the game.她赢得了比赛。588.es(肯定)

  She didn’t win the game.她没赢比赛。(否定)

  三、祈使句:

  祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。

  1.肯定的祈使句:

  (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。

  Be quiet.请安静。

  You be quiet!你给我安静点!

  (2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。

  Do come back at once!务必立即返回!

  Do be careful.务必小心。

  (3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。

  Open the window,please.请打开窗户。

  (4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。

  Let Jack wait a minute.让杰克等一会。

  Let’s go to school.我们上学去吧。

  (5)在祈使句中,Let’s和Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者,而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。

  Let’s go skating,shall we?咱们去溜冰吧,好吗?(表示内部的建议)

  Let us try again,will you?让我们再试一次,好吗?(表示向别人发出请求)

  一、一般疑问句:

  (1)一般疑问句的肯定形式

  一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。

  Do you know Mr.Smith?你认识史密斯先生吗?

  Can you swim?你会游泳吗?

  (2)一般疑问句的否定结构

  ①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。

  ②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。

  Aren’t you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗?

  Yes,I am.是的,我是。

  No,I am not.不,我不是。

  Won’t she like it?她会不喜欢吗?

  Yes,she will.是的,她会(喜欢)的。

  No,she won’t.不,她不会(喜欢)的。

  二、特殊疑问句

  用疑问代词疑问形容词或疑问副词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。588.es

  常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose

  常见的疑问形容词有what,which,whose

  常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how

  三,选择疑问句:

  选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。

  选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。

  Is your bag yellow or black?It’s black.。

  Would you like some tea or coffee?Either will do.。

  Which do you like better,singing or dancing?I like dancing better.

  四,反意疑问句:

  反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。

  (1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。

  I am your teacher,aren’t I?我是你的老师,对吗?

  He didn’t study hard,did he?他学习不努力,对吗?

  (2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing,none no one,nobody,neither,few,little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。如:

  They hardly write to each other,do they?他们几乎不给对方写信,是吗?

  He has found nothing,has he?他什么也没有找到,是吗?

  Few people knew the secret,did they?很少有人知道这个秘密,是吗?

  (3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。

  You won’t be away for long,will you?你不会离开太久,是吗?

  Yes,I will.不,我会离开很久。No,I won’t.是的,我不会离开很久。

  I don’t think she’ll come by bike,will she?我认为她不会骑自行车,会吗?

  Yes,she will.不,她会骑自行车来。No,she won’t.是的`,她不会骑自行车来。

  五,掌握由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别

  感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。

  1.what引导的感叹句:

  (1)what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

  What a beautiful city it is!多么美丽的一个城市啊!

  What an interesting story she told!她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊!

  (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

  What expensive watches they are!多贵的手表啊!

  What terrible weather it is!多么恶劣的天气啊!

  2.How引导的感叹句:

  (1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

  How cold it is!多冷啊!

  How hard he works!他工作多么努力啊!

  (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)

  How he loves his son!他多么爱他的儿子啊!

  How I miss you!我多想你啊!

  (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

  How tall a tree it is!多么高的一棵树啊!

  How they cried!他们哭得多伤心啊!

  (一)掌握时间和条件状语从句中的时态与主句时态的搭配

  (1)时间状语从句:

  引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当……时候),while(当,在……过程中),since(自从……以来),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),tell/until(直到……时),as soon as(一……就)。如果主句为一般将来时,则时间状语从句只能用一般现在时表示将来的意义。

  He was reading the newspaper when I came in.当我进来时,他正在读报纸。

  Keep an eye on my cat while I am away.我不在时,请照看一下我的猫。

  Don’t talk so loud while others are studying.别人学习时不要大声说话。

  It has been five years since she went abroad.她出国已有五年了。

  He died before his son came back.他在他儿子回来之前就去世了。

  I’ll show him around our factory as soon as he arrives.他一到达我就领他参观我们的工厂。

  I’ll tell him about it as soon as I see him.我一见到他就告诉他。

  (2)条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的从属连词是if(如果)。如果主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句只能用一般现在时。

  If you stay at home,I’ll go.如果你呆在家里,我就走。

  If we don’t get up early,we won’t catch the train.如果我们不早起,我们就赶不上火车。

  (二)掌握宾语从句的语序及其时态与主句时态的呼应

  (1)宾语从句的语序:

  宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。尤其是在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时必须特别注意:

  当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用that引导,语序不变。(注意时态的一致)

  Tom isn’t a good student.The teacher told us…→

  The teacher told us Tom wasn’t a good student.老师告诉我们汤姆不是一个好学生。

  He has given up smoking.She said…→

  She said he had given up smoking.她说他已经戒烟了。

  当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用whether或if连接,语序变为陈述语序。

  Is Jim a doctor?I wonder…→

  I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是个医生。

  Does she dance well?Can you tell me…→

  Can you tell me if she dances well?你能告诉我她舞跳的是否好吗?

  当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序。

  She asked me where you were going.她问我你去哪里。

  She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。

  (2)宾语从句的时态:

  宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。

  如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时),宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。

  I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。(现在完成时)

  Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。(一般将来时)

  I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。(现在进行时)

  I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。

  如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)

  He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。(过去将来时)

  She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。(过去完成时)

  Mary was wondering who could answer the question.

  玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。(一般过去时)

  I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.

  我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。(过去进行时)

  如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等,则不管这句是何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。

  Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。

  She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

  (三)了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法

  (1)定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的,一般由形容词或与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时候,就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。588.es

  (2)定语从句的引导词有关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why,how。

  1.that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。

  A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。

  I like the book(that)you lent me yesterday.我喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。

  2.which的先行词只能是物。

  The book shop is a shop which sells book.书店是销售书的商店。

  The book(which)I read last night was wonderful.我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。

  3.who在定语从句中作主语;whom是who的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语;而whose则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语。

  The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend

  昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。

  Who's that woman(whom)you just talked to?

  你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?

  This is our classmate,Mary,whose home is not far from our school.

  这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。

  4.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

  That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。

  =That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.

  (3)除关系代词外,还有关系副词when,where,why等也能引导定语从句。

  1.when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

  I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall

  我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。

  2.where则指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

  This is the house where the old man lives.这就是那位老人住的房子。

  3.why用来指原因,作原因状语。

  That’s the reason why he didn’t come yesterday.那就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。

初中英语知识点总结2

  形容词和副词比较级的用法

  (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

  Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

  This room is three times bigger than that>这个房间比那个大三倍。

  (2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

  I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。

  He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

初中英语知识点总结3

  一、表示时间的介词

  时间介词有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀: at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。

  年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。

  将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。

  日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。

  其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:

  1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析

  介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

  介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

  介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

  2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析

  介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.

  介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 20xx.

  3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析

  介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

  介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

  4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析

  当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.

  如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

  5、时间介词till与until用法的异同

  till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

  till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

  如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

  till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

  注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。

  二、表示方位的介词

  常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:

  1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析

  介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.

  介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

  介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

  2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析

  介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

  介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

  3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

  介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

  如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

  介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的`空间内穿过。

  如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

  介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

  介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

  4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析

  介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.

  介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

  5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析

  介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

  介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

  介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.

  三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.

  1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时,交通工具前不用任何词;用 in和on 时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.

  2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English.

  四、介词的固定搭配

  across from在对面 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 get on with 与某人相处

  agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 come about 发生,产生 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过

  常见考法

  对于介词的考察,通常是以单项选择或完形填空形式考查介词用法,尤其是几个易混淆的代词。另外,介词与动词和形容词构成的固定搭配也是常见的考试内容。

  误区提醒

  1、掌握介词固定搭配

  2、准确把握介词及介词短语的基本意义和用法。

  典型例题1:Peter usually gets up early the morning.

  A in B on C at D of

  解析;这是20xx年北京市的一道中考题,本题考查时间介词的用法。“在早上”应为in the morning.

  答案:A

  典型例题2:-How do you usually go to school?

  - my bike.

  A By B In C On

  解析; 虽然介词by表示“乘坐”,但是它所接的名词前没有限定词,即by bike.而本题中bike 前有限定词my,这时应用on.

  答案:C

初中英语知识点总结4

  1. …as soon as…一…就…

  Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。

  Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.

  我们一到那儿就去爬山了。

  We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.

  2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的/地)…

  not as(so)…as… …不如/不比… ….

  李雷和吉母跑得一样快。

  Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.

  约翰和你的年龄不一样大。

  John is not as (so) old as you.

  这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)

  This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.

  3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible尽可能…的/地…

  我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。

  We should speak English as much as possible in English class.

  你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?

  Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?

  4. ask sb for sth向某人要求某物

  当你迷路时,你可以向警察需求帮助。

  When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.

  一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)

  Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.

  他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

  He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.

  5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth询问/告诉某人如何做某事

  许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。

  Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.

  让我来告诉你如何发邮件。

  Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.

  6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth.要求(让)/告诉/想要某人做(不做)某事

  护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次,饭后服用。

  The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.

  老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。

  The teacher often tells me to study harder.

  他让我不要再犯同样的错误。

  He asked me not to make the same mistake again.

  7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使/让某人做(不做)某事

  他使得孩子哭得很厉害。

  He made the child cry loudly.

  昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。

  He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.

  直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。

  Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.

  那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。

  That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.

  8. be afraid of doing / to do/that害怕/不敢做某事

  这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。

  The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.

  他害怕独自呆在家里。

  He is afraid of staying at home alone.

  许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)

  Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.

  9. be busy with sth. / doing sth.忙于某事/做某事

  现在学生们忙于准备考试。

  Now students are busy preparing for the exams.

  昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)

  Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.

  Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.

  10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.

  因…而著名/ (做)…迟到了/晚了/为…准备/为…而抱歉

  如果你不快点,你就会上班迟到。

  If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.

  杭州以丝绸而出名。

  Hangzhou is famous for silk.

  我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。

  We have been ready for the Olympic Games.

  我为我的错误而抱歉。

  I am sorry for my mistake.

  11. be glad that很高兴…

  我很高兴你能来参加晚会。

  I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.

  老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。

  The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.

  12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb

  buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth

  给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物

  请递给我一张纸。

  Please pass me a piece of paper.

  =Please pass a piece of paper to me.

  请把你的画给我看看。

  Please show me your picture.

  =Please show your picture to me

  他借给我一辆自行车。

  He lent me a bike.

  =He lent a bike to me.

  别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。

  Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.

  = Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.

  13. either…or…或…或…,不是…就是…,要么…要么…

  不是你,就是他是对的。

  Either you or he is right. V.就近原则

  每个周末,我们要么去公园,要么呆在家里。

  We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)

  要了解世界,人们既可以读报纸,也可以看电视。

  People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.

  14. neither…nor…既不…也不…,两者都不…

  我和他都没有读过这本书。

  Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V.就近原则

  这个女孩已经十岁了,但她既不会读书,也不会写字。

  The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.

  15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.

  享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…

  我们应该经常练习讲英语。

  We should often practice speaking English.

  我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。

  My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.

  16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth.发现/认为/觉得做某事如何

  越来越多的`人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。

  More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.

  很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。

  A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.

  17. get + adj.的比较级+ and + adj.的比较级变得越来越…

  地球变得越来越暖和了。

  It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.

  春天到了,天气变得越来越热了。

  Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.

  北京变得越来越美丽了。

  Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.

  18. The + adj./adv.的比较级,the + adj./adv.的比较级。越...,就越…。

  天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。

  The colder it is, the more people wear.

  我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。

  The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.

  英语,我们练习得越多,说得就越好。

  The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.

  你越强健,患感冒的机会就越少。

  The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.

  19. It is +序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级+ n.

  黄河是中国第二长的河流。

  The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

  他是我们班跑得第二快的。

  He runs the second fastest in our class.

  20. one of the +最高级+ n. (pl.)是最…之一者

  姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。

  Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.

  三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。

  Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

初中英语知识点总结5

  一、表示时间的介词

  时间介词有in , on,at,after,since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀:at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。

  年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。

  将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。

  日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。

  其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:

  1、时间介词in与after的用法辨析

  介词in +一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

  介词after +一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

  介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

  2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析

  介词for表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.

  介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 20xx.

  3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析

  介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

  介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

  4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析

  当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.

  如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.

  5、时间介词till与until用法的异同

  till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

  till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

  如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

  till多用于普通文体,而until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

  注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词。

  二、表示方位的介词

  常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:

  1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析

  介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.

  介词over表示一种垂直悬空的.上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

  介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

  2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析

  介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

  介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

  3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

  介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

  如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

  介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。

  如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

  介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

  介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

  4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析

  介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.

  介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

  5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析

  介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

  介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

  介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.

  三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词:by,in,on,with.

  1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by时,交通工具前不用任何词;用in和on时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.

  2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English.

  四、介词的固定搭配

  across from在对面

  look for寻找

  look after照顾

  get on with与某人相处

  agree with同意(某人)

  arrive at(in)到达

  ask for询问

  begin…with从……开始

  believe in相信

  break off打断

  break out爆发

  bring down降低

  bring in引进

  bring up教育,培养

  build up建起

  burn down烧光

  call back回电话

  call for要求约请

  call on拜访访问

  care for喜欢

  carry on继续开展

  carry out实行开展

  check out查明结帐

  come about发生,产生

  come out出来

  come to共计达到

  compare…with与……比较

  compare to比作

  cut off切断

  date from始于

  depend on依靠

  devote to献于

  die out灭亡

  divide up分配

  dream of梦想

  fall off下降

  fall over跌倒

  feed on以……为食

  get down to专心于

  get through通过

初中英语知识点总结6

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的.意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。

  I不定冠词

  We need an apple and a knife.

  我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。

  1.a和an的区别

  不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

  a boy, a university, a European country

  u是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。

  an hour,an honor,an island

  h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。

  an elephant,an umbrella,an egg

  2(1)不定冠词的用法

  ①泛指—类人或物。

  eg. This is a pencil case.

  ②指不具体的某个人或物。

  eg. I met an old man On my way home.

  ③用在序数词前,相当于another.

  eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.

  ④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.

  eg. They have music lessons twice a week.

  必背!

  give a lesson take a bath have a rest

  教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息

  have a talk have a fever have a good time

  听报告发烧过得愉快

  have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip

  散步头疼旅途愉快

  a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo

  (2)不定冠词的位置

  ①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。

  eg, a bike, an egg

  ②当名词被such, what, many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。

  eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

  He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

  What a dangerous job it is!

  Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

  ③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

  Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

  How nice a film this is!

  ④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时,不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。

  eg.It is quite a good book.

  That is rather a useful too1.

  This is a very interesting story.

初中英语知识点总结7

  I.要点

  1、一般现在时

  ((1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如:

  Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

  (2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如: The earth goes round the sun.

  2、现在进行时

  ((1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如:

  What are you doing now?

  (2)和always, continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:

  He is always doing good deeds.

  3、现在完成时

  主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never等词连用。如:

  Have you ever been to Beijing?

  4、一般将来时

  表示将来某一时间要发生的'动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, neXt year等连用。如:

  Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film neXt Monday.

  5、一般过去时

  表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常

  与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如:

  It happened many years ago.

  6、过去进行时

  表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如: What were you doing this time yesterday?

  7、过去完成时

  表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如: The train had already left before we arrived.

  8、一般过去将来时

  表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如: He said he would come, but he didnt.

  9、被动语态

  被动语态的时态,以give为例。

初中英语知识点总结8

  如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

  动名词的作用

  1、作主语

  1)、 直接位于句首做主语。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer.

  2)、 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.

  3)、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的.比较:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.

  2、作表语

  动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。

  Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

  What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

  3、作定语

  动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 。

  4、作宾语

  例:We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

  5、有些词后只能接动名词 ,不能跟不定式。 allow;avoid; celebrate; consider; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; imagine; keep; it means;mind; miss; practice; prevent;等

  6、另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。 spend money/time; think of, give up, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to,

  7、 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,例如:remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop,regret,, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。 例: like doing sth 表经常性动作like to do sth表习惯性动作;

  stop doing sth,停止正在做的事情stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事; remember,forget,regret的不定时结构指后于谓语动词的动作,动词的ing形式则先于谓语动词的动作 remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)

  try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验): ①I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里)

  ②I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次);go on to do sth继续做某事(不是同一件事), go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事);

  常见考法

  对于动名词的考查,在单项和词语运用中出现的较多,常常考到一些动名词的固定用法。

  典型例题:Do you mind_________ me with my work.?

  A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped

  解析:本题考查动名词的用法。Mind后跟动名词,表示“介意做某事”,不可以跟不定式。

  答案:C

  误区提醒

  有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可,但意义截然不容,那几个词以及两种句型的不同之处必须牢记在心,因为这是我们经常出错的地方。

  典型例题:Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.

  A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning

  解析:本题考查forget加不定式和动名词的区别。Forget to do表示“忘记曾经做过某事”,事情已经做过; forget doing表示“忘记去做某事”,事情还没做。根据语境“当你见到John 的时候,别忘记把这本书给他”,可知事情还没做,应该用不定式。

  答案:A

初中英语知识点总结9

  一、关系代词引导的定语从句

  1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的`那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

  (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

  2、由which, that引导的从句

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:

  (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

  注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:

  a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;

  b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;

  c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;

  d)先行词中既有人又有物时;

  e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;

  f)当先行词为物并作表语时;

  g)先行词为one时;

  h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;

  二、关系副词引导的定语从句

  1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

  I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语    Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  常见考法

  对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。

  典型例题:

  You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

  A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

  解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

  答案:D

  误区提醒

  当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。

  典型例题:

  I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

  A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

  解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

  答案:A

初中英语知识点总结10

  句子成分

  1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

  2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

  3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

  4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell,

  taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。

  5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。

  6.定语:修饰名词或代词的`成分。

  7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

  8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

  例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语,should

  keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

  This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of

  food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)

初中英语知识点总结11

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,它的作用相当于形容词,被修饰的词叫做先行词。

  1、定语从句的位置。

  1)定语从句一般地说要放在先行词之后,无论这个词在句中充当何种成分。

  The student who answered the question is bill.

  2)有时先行词后还有一个作定语的词或词组时,定语从句则应放在上述成分之后。

  Do you know anyone in our class whose father is a business man?

  2、定语从句的引导词

  1)定语从句的引导词是由关系代词或关系副词充当的。

  关系代词有who/whom/whose/that,关系副词有when/where/why,它们除了引导从句的作用外,还要在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词和关系副词的选用要看其在从句中发挥的作用,与主语没有任何关系。

  在从句中充当主语的`有who/which/that.

  在从句中充当宾语的有whom/which/that.

  在从句中充当定语的有whose.

  在从句中充当状语的有when/where/why.

  当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人时,关系代词要用who(主格),whom(宾格),也可以用that,以及whose(所有格),先行词是物时,关系代词要用which,也可用that.whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时往往可以省略。

  例如:

  The students who do not study hard will not pass the examination.

  Do you know the man(whom)mr green shook hand with?

  The letter(which)I received yesterday is from my sister.

  Who is the man(that)is reading a magazine over there?

  The book(that) you lent me is very ingteresting .

  I will never forget the day when I joined the party.

  Last year I went to the village where I was born.

  This is the reason why she will go to london.

  2)在先行词相同的情况下,根据它们在定语从句中所起的语法作用,可用不同的引导词连接不同的定语从句。

  例如:

  This is the school where I students for six years.(school或student的状语)。

  This is the school which he mentioned just now.(school作menttioned的宾语).

初中英语知识点总结12

  十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

  1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.

  2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it.

  3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange.

  4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.

  5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see.

  6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.

  7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the.

  8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.

  9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.

  10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,hello.

  1.英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态

  主动语态表示是动作的执行者

  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

  如:Cats eat fish.(主动语态)猫吃鱼。

  Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

  2.被动语态的构成

  由“助动词be +及物动词的`过去分词”构成

  助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

  如:English is spoken in in many countries.

  英语被很多国家使用。

  This bridge was built in _.

  这座桥是_年建造的。

  3.被动语态的用法

  当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。

  倒装句

  由so+助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词+主语意为:…也是一样

  She is a student. So am I.

  她是一个学生,我也是。

  She went to school just now. So did I .

  她刚才去学校了,我也是

  She has finished the work. So have I .

  她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

  She will go to school. So will he.

  她将去学校,他也是。

初中英语知识点总结13

  一、need和dare的用法

  need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。

  1、用作情态动词

  Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。 You neednt telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。

  I dont think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。

  She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。

  How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢说我不公平?

  Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。

  2、用作实义动词

  You dont need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。

  We need to tell them the news.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。

  The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要油漆一下。

  We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。

  He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬头看。

  I dare day hell come again.我想他会再来的'。(I dare say…为固定习语)

  二、情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。

  He isnt here. He must have missed the train.他还未到,一定是没赶上火车。 Where can (could) he gone?他能到那里去了呢?

  You may (might) have read about it.你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful.你本来可以更细心的。

  He neednt have worried it.他本不必为此事担心。

  There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来,为何不来呢?

  三、动词be(is,am,are)的.用法

  我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

  四、 this,that和it用法

  (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

  (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:

  This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)

  That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)

  (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:

  This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

  (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:

  This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦,这是汤姆。

  (5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:

  This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

  (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:

  —Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?

  —Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?

  注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

  (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:

  ①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?

  —Yes, it is.是的,它是。

  ②—What’s that?那是什么?

  —It’s a kite.是只风筝。

  五、these和those用法

  this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

  ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

  ②These pictures are good.那些画很好。

  ③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?

  在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:

  Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

  Yes, they are.是的,他们是。

初中英语知识点总结14

  01、一般现在时

  概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

  时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

  基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

  否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

  02、一般过去时

  概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

  时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1988, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

  基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

  否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。

  03、现在进行时

  概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

  时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

  基本结构:am/is/are+doing

  否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

  一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

  04、过去进行时

  概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

  时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

  基本结构:was/were+doing

  否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

  一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

  05、现在完成时

  概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

  时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

  基本结构:have/has + done

  否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

  一般疑问句:have或has。

  06、过去完成时

  概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的.行为,即“过去的过去”。

  时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

  基本结构:had + done.

  否定形式:had + not + done.

  一般疑问句:had放于句首。

  07、一般将来时

  概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

  时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

  基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

  否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

  08、过去将来时

  概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

  时间状语:

  the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

  基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

  否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

  一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。

初中英语知识点总结15

  形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

  (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的'双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。

  ①单音节单词:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

  tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

  ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

  (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。

  large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

  (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

  big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

  (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

  easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

  busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

  (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。

  beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

  different→more different→most different

  easily→more easily→most easily

  (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。

  good→better→best well→better→best

  bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

  old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

  many/much→more→most little→less→least

  far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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