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全国英语翻译真题（精选8篇）
通过练习历年真题，考生可以在模拟的考试环境中提前适应，有助于减少考试时的紧张情绪，提高应试心理素质。以下是小编帮大家整理的全国英语翻译真题，欢迎大家分享。
全国英语翻译真题 1
英译汉 Passage One
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and womens empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.
性别平等不仅是一项基本人权，也是实现世界和平、繁荣和可持续发展的必要基础。为女性提供平等的教育、医疗保健、体面工作以及确保她们在政治和经济决策过程中的代表权，将促进可持续经济，并在更大层面造福社会和全人类。因此，坚持性别平等，赋予妇女权力是教科文组织的首要优先事项之一。
This is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
这是一项战略性策略，旨在实现男女平等。因此，无论男性和女性，他们的关切和经历都要融入所有政治、经济和社会领域政策和方案的设计、执行、监测和评估，从而使男女平等受益，阻止不平等现象的持续蔓延。
Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments: conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s commitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields work.
性别平等问题日益在全球引发关注，也得益于若干法律和规范性文书（公约和宣言）的出台，其中最主要的是《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》和《北京宣言和行动纲要》。后者是1995年联合国第四次妇女问题世界会议的成果，强调媒体在促进所有领域两性平等方面的关键作用，并呼吁所有利益关联方携手破除对“对妇女的陈旧观念，消除妇女获得和参与信息交流领域尤其是媒介领域所遭遇的不平等现象”。教科文组织在这方面的承诺和战略是通过两种方式来实现的：（1）根据性别设计的计划项目；（2）在教科文组织的所有领域工作中实施性别关注行动。
UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.
教科文组织的传播和信息部门积极践行这个承诺，并在全球范围内在其各部门和主要行动中采取了针对性举措。实现在媒介组织和媒介内容男女平等具有同等的重要性，也是我们一直在努力实现的目标。教科文组织与国际记者联合会和许多其他合作伙伴合作，通过了这一全球媒体性别敏感指标框架协议，以有效评估媒体的相关发展。
In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners. This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
为了进一步丰富媒体性别敏感指标内涵，实现指标完善工作，教科文组织与其全球媒体合作伙伴在线进行了第二轮磋商，吸纳来自广播和印刷协会这些关键合作伙伴提供的意见、建议和见解，以进一步提高指标质量。与这些协会的协商是至关重要的，因为它使教科文组织能够将这些关键合作伙伴的观点纳入全球战略信息管理。这样做也使我们强调，使用性别敏感指标并不是试图限制了言论自由和媒体独立性，而是自愿去充实指标应有之义。教科文组织相信，如果性别敏感指标得到充分实施，其将对性别平等事业的质和量都产生影响。
英译汉 Passage Two
When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
当我们用英尺而不是英寸来衡量降雨量时，我们就能切身感受气候变化的影响。全球变暖，极端天气增多，例如与大西洋飓风季节有关的灾难性破坏、孟买的季风雨和尼日尔的洪灾。对于人类而言，气温上升几度不足以让人发烧，但对于地球来说，影响确是根本性的。历史上地球上的温度仅仅下降了1到2摄氏度，地球一度变得基本上不适合居住——这个时代现在被称为小冰河时代。为了应对全球气候变化带来的威胁，大多数国家作出重要努力，依据《巴黎协定》，减少温室气体排放，力求减缓全球变暖加剧。
But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already under way.
但是，这些集体努力就足够了吗？一些科学家正在尝试另一种方法，探索有意改变全球气候系统的新工具。这些不同而多样的技术通常被归为“气候工程”或“地球工程”这一包罗万象的模糊术语。这些截然不同的方法旨在通过从大气中清除温室气体来阻止全球变暖的进程，或者采取措施应对已经在发生的变暖现象。
The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.
但是问题是，尽管这些工具措施通过计算机模拟、实验室及现实实验都取得了进展，但公众却对此并不知情，慢了半拍。迄今为止，围绕这些努力的进展、可行性、风险和好处，其透明度不高和开展的国际对话也太少。事实上，气候工程与当前人们采取的缓解于适应性措施并不是相互排斥的。另外，专家们普遍认为，仅靠这些新的技术方法不太可能提供足够的保护，以应对来自全球气温上升带来的危险。
In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.
1965年，科学咨询委员会提出了对人为改变气候变化的担忧，并警告称“人类正在无意中进行大规模的地球物理实验。”50多年后，气候工程领域在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是对决策者和公众而言。
There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations and regions.
无论采取还是摒弃气候工程都确实存在风险。虽然支持或反对气候工程的理由都很具有说服力，但决策者现在需要做的是掌握大量科学数据，并尽可能多地询问这些技术的运用对个人、社会、国家和地区意味着什么。
汉译英 Passage One
琴心和小核桃是两个出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在卧龙国家级自然保护区(National Nature Reserve）进行了两年的野化培训后，2018年12月27日，它们在龙溪一虹口国家级自然保护区被放归。当时两只熊猫接受了体检，它们的生长发育和各项生理指标均正常。
两只大熊猫放归后，科研人员组成的监测小组立即着手对它们进行跟踪监测。无线电监测、GPS数据下载及分析、大熊猫粪便样品采集、生存环境调查、红外相机监测等多种设备和手段的.应用，让监测队员可以随时掌握两只熊猫的动向。通过收集相关数据，开展野外研究，监测人员希望了解两个小家伙能否逐步适应新的野外环境，融入野生大熊猫种群。
“我们保护区位于大熊猫分布区的中段，其显著特点是直接联系着岷山山系和邛山顶最大的大熊猫野生种群栖息地。”保护区虹口站站长刘波表示，“这里是野生大熊猫生存、繁衍以及圈养（captive-bred）大熊猫放归的天然走廊。”
Qinxin (“Heart of Qin”) and Xiao Hetao (“Little Walnut”), two adorable pandas born in 2016, were released into Longxi - Hongkou National Nature Reserve on December 27, 2018 after two years of rewilding training in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Physical examination on the spot revealed that their growth and physiological indicators met all the required standards. Since their release, a dedicated team of researchers began to monitor the progress of the two animals, by harnessing radio monitoring systems, analyzing GPS data, collecting fecal samples, investigating their living environment, and deploying infrared camera detectors. Through data collection and field research, they could determine whether the pandas can accustom themselves to the new environment and fit into the wild panda population over time.
“This place is in the central section of the region where pandas are distributed. It is a direct link between the Minshan mountains and Qionglai mountains, both of which are the largest habitats of wild pandas,” said Liu Bo, head of Hongkou Station in the reserve. “It is not only a place where wild pandas live and reproduce, but also a natural corridor through which captive-bred pandas are reintroduced into the wilderness.”
汉译英 Passage Two
污染防治攻坚战是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的三大攻坚战之一。目标是到2020年生态环境质量总体改善，主要污染物排放总量大幅减少，环境风险得到有效管控。
The war on pollution is one of the three major campaigns launched by China in the decisive stage of its efforts to build a well-off society in all respects. The objective is to achieve an overall improvement in the ecological environment, a significant reduction in the emissions of major pollutants, and the effective control of environmental risks by 2020.
生态环境问题本质上是高资源消耗、高污染排放的经济发展方式造成的。所以我们必须提高资源开发利用效率，减少资源消耗，并将生态文明(ecological conservation）的要求融入到经济建设中，加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。我们要加快建立健全五大生态文明体系，即生态文化体系、生态经济体系、目标责任体系、生态文明制度体系和生态安全体系等。这些体系的建立有助于我们从根本上解决生态环境问题。
Environmental issues are essentially results of an economic development model marked by excessive resource consumption and high pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to improve resource efficiency, reduce resource consumption, integrate environmental efforts into economic development, and facilitate the establishment of an industrial structure and way of life and work that is resource-efficient and environmentally-friendly, so as to provide time and space for nature to recover and develop. There is also a need to accelerate the construction of five systems surrounding ecological civilization in terms of culture, economy, objectives and accountability, institutions, and security, all of which, when established, will contribute to the fundamental resolution of environmental problems.
我们要树立良好的生态环境是最大的民生福祉这一基本民生观。坚持生态为民，重点解决损害群众健康的突出环境问题。从打赢蓝天保卫战到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、农村人居环境整治、城市污水治理。还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽，不断满足人民日益增长的对美好环境的要求。
In livelihood improvement, we must stay committed to the fundamental belief that an excellent ecological environment delivers the greatest wellbeing to the people. Therefore, guided by the mission of creating a high-quality environment for all, we take robust efforts to address pressing environmental problems that harm the public’s health. From winning the battle against air pollution to managing water pollution, land contamination and urban wastewater, and upgrading rural living conditions, our efforts are geared to restoring serenity, harmony, and beauty to nature and meeting the growing demand of the residents for a nice environment.
全国英语翻译真题 2
原文1：农历
农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。长期以来农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据农历记录日期，安排农活，以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件，提高农作物的产量和质量。中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的.日期都基于农历。农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
参考译文：
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago, formulated based on the movement patterns of the sun and the moon. For a long time, the lunar calendar has played a significant role in agricultural production and peoples daily lives. ancient people recorded dates and arranged farm work according to the lunar calendar to make the most effective use of natural resources and climatic conditions, enhancing the yield and quality of crops. The dates of traditional Chinese festivals like the Spring festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is an essential part of Chinese traditional culture and is still widely used today.
全国英语翻译真题 3
原文：四合院
四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。四合院通常冬暖夏凉，环境舒适，尤其适合大家庭居住。四合院在中国各地有多种类型，其中以北京的四合院最为典型。如今，随着现代城市的发展，传统的四合院已逐渐减少，但因其独特的`建筑风格，四合院对中国文化的传承和中国历史的研究具有重要意义。
参考译文：
The siheyuan is a traditional Chinese residential architecture characterized by houses built around a central courtyard. It is typically warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a comfortable environment especially suitable for large families. The siheyuan comes in various types across China, with the Beijing siheyuan being the most typical. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, traditional siheyuan have gradually decreased. However, due to its unique architectural style, the siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.
全国英语翻译真题 4
原文：福
汉语中的福表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的.吉祥符号之一。人们通常将一个大大的福字写在红纸上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社会安定、国家昌盛。春节贴福字是民间由来已久的习俗。为了欢庆春节，家家户户，都会将福字贴在门上或墙上表达对幸福生活的期待。人们有时还将福字倒过来贴，表示幸福已到。
参考译文：
In Chinese, "Fu" represents happiness and good luck, and it is one of the most commonly used auspicious symbols in Chinese traditional culture. People often write a large "Fu" character on red paper, symbolizing the expectation of family happiness, social stability, and national prosperity. It is a long-standing folk custom to post the "Fu" character during the Spring Festival. To celebrate the Spring Festival, every household will put up the "Fu" character on the door or wall to express their expectation for a happy life. Sometimes, people even paste the "Fu" character upside down, indicating that happiness has arrived.
全国英语翻译真题 5
【英译汉】（Financial Times 2017）：
At 51, Cathy McDonnell wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience crunching data at Qinetiq to better use. She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.
Several applications later, all for jobs in her former field of defence, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of later-life work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people — mainly women — return to work, often after breaks to care for families.
Cathy eventually secured a place on an 11-week “Career Returners” programme with O2, open to men and women, which included being buddied with a 20-year-old male student who was also with the company on work experience. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.
“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘These women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.”
In fact, by hiring female returnees, companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs — and for a discount. In return, employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship, Ms McDonnell gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant, handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to. “But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,” she says.
It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young families. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.
A lack of middle-aged women working, particularly in highly skilled roles, is costing the UK economy 50bn a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles older women often accept. Some 41 per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 per cent of men.
A study last year by economists found “robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.
【汉译英】（《网络空间国际合作战略》）：
现在，以互联网为代表的信息技术迅速发展，引领了生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域。中国大力实施网络强国战略、国家信息化战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动计划。中国大力发展电子商务，推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，改善资源配置。这些措施为推动创新发展、转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。
中国欢迎公平、开放、竞争的`市场，在自身发展的同时，致力于推动全球数字经济发展。中国主张自由贸易，反对贸易壁垒和贸易保护主义。我们希望建立开放、安全的数字经济环境，确保互联网为经济发展和创新服务。我们主张互联网接入应公平、普遍。中国愿加强同其他国家和地区在网络安全和信息技术方面的交流与合作。我们应共同推进互联网技术的发展和创新，确保所有人都能平等分享数字红利，实现网络空间的可持续发展。
全国英语翻译真题 6
【英译汉】：
In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe that It was caused by a previously unknown virus- Now named COVID-19.
Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and thats how these viruses got their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.
Its known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.
From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, theres been pneumonia, kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.
Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. Its certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.
The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make-as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. Among those who are infected, most will recover.
Its also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesnt tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. Its not about containment or mitigation. Its about both.
All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case; those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.
For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.
【汉译英】
水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一，世界上一半以上人口（包括中国 60%以上人口）都以稻米作为主食。中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家，至今已有 7000 年左右的历史，当 前水稻产量占全国粮食作物产量近一半。水稻作为主要的粮食，无论对中国还是对世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中国在超级杂 交水稻（super hybrid rice）生产方面成就突出，关键人物便是袁隆平。被誉为“中国杂交水 稻之父”。他的`名字不仅在中国家喻户晓，在国际上也享有盛誉。袁隆平于上世纪 60 年代开始杂交水稻研究。他带领科研团队使中国杂交水稻一直领先 于世界水平，不仅不断实现杂交水稻的高产量目标，而且在生产实践中不断推广应用，从实际上解决了中国人吃饭难的问题。袁隆平还多次到美国、印度等国家传授技术，为 30 多个 国家和地区的政府官员和科研工作者讲学，促进杂交水稻技术造福世界。
1987 年 11 月 3 日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎总部向袁隆平颁发科学奖，认为他的科研成果是“第二次绿色革命”。2004年，袁隆平获得世界粮食奖（the World Food Prize），表彰 他为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食所做出的突出贡献。
全国英语翻译真题 7
Part 1：English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Alice Munro, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”
That is also a perfect deion of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.
Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.
Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density . Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.
In short fiction that spans four and a half decades. Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such deions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.
Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.
For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women, often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.
In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.
Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.
Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.
Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)
Translate the following passage into English.
现代西方的中国学大致经历了两个代际的变化。第一代是历史主义流派主导的，第二代是意识形态至上流派所主导的。当代西方对中国的认知，不论是学术界或大众媒体，都深受这两大代际和流派的影响。
现代中国学研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世纪初。他们用历史主义的语境研究现代中国，研究方法深受中国传统文化影响，研究领域涵盖了中国的政治、历史、社会状况和引领中国现代史的领袖人物。
中国学的第二代，始于89年，在后冷战时代的意识形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功发展的事实证伪，备受质疑。
最近几十年来，中国全方位快速崛起，其巨大影响波及至世界各个角落。全球政治、历史、经济研究的顶尖人士，纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大事件的'深远含义。
当下，中国学正迎来一个新的代际，即第三代。第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。这一代际的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构上发生转型，并对世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。
这个群体不再象前两代那样限于中国通，而是来自各个领域。第三代中国学呈现的一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本研究方法，客观分析中国的治理模式。
全国英语翻译真题 8
Comparative evidence is also growing to show why countries decide to remove legal barriers for women. Policies empowering women strengthen the economy and are critical for lasting progress in development. Slowing global growth, the rising risks of climate change, conflict, and the lingering effects of COVID-19 have dealt a major setback to this progress in recent years — with disproportionate effects on the lives and livelihoods of women. Equal treatment of women under the law is associated with larger numbers of women entering and remaining in the labor force and rising to managerial positions. It generates higher wages for women and facilitates more women owning a business. Reforming in ways that encourage women to contribute to the economy as employees and entrepreneurs will both level the playing field and make the economy more dynamic and resilient in the face of shocks.
Since its inauguration in 2018, the China International Import Expo (CIIE) has emerged as a defining platform symbolizing China’s dedication to promoting high-standard opening up and sharing development gains with the global community. The CIIE embodies China’s commitment to driving economic globalization and cooperation aimed at collective prosperity. The CIIE signifies China’s support for multilateral trade and determination to uphold free and open markets amid rising protectionism. By providing businesses worldwide access to China’s vast market, the CIIE enables deals worth billions, allows debuts for thousands of new products and facilitates participation from over 100 countries in each edition. The CIIE has become an ‘international public good’ that creates vast opportunities for global enterprises, even attracting companies from countries with tense political relations with China. Hence, the CIIE reflects China’s adherence to advancing high-standard opening up that imparts benefits across national boundaries.
While global average temperatures are already exceeding 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, current plans reflected in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are putting us on a path towards 2.4°C–2.6°C by the end of the century. Even if the rise in temperature eventually slows as a result of more ambitious collective climate change mitigation efforts, climate risks will accelerate with every fraction of a degree because of the compounding and cascading nature of climate-related impacts. Residual climate risks, that is, risks remaining after ambitious adaptation efforts, will persist even if the Paris Agreement goals are reached. Residual climate risks, in turn, will inevitably lead to both economic and non-economic losses and damages. This demonstrates the importance of accelerating and scaling up both mitigation and adaptation action, to respectively avert catastrophic climate change and minimize the climate impacts that remain.
翻译：
改革开放40多年来，中国经济持续增长，平均10%以上的高速增长保持了30多年，被国内学者称为“中国经济增长奇迹”。在世界经济增长史上，许多国家高速经济增长都不超过十年，但是中国作为一个巨型经济体，高速经济增长超过了30年，形成了世界经济增长史上的奇迹，令世界刮目相看。中国经济增长奇迹不仅改变了世界格局，也是现有的经济学理论无法解释的，在传统的经济学理论体系中，中国经济增长充满了“矛盾”，“不可能”，“不寻常”和“反逻辑”。
中国式民主是生活化的民主，包含两层含义。首先，民主在基层得到了广泛而深入的发展。基层群众自治制度是中国特色社会主义三大基本政治制度之一，是中国基层民主的主要形式，是人民在农村、城市社区和企业实现当家作主权利的制度保障。其次，民主在各个层面的工作领域都得到了比较切实的落实。在各级领导干部的选任过程中，民主测评是不可缺少的环节。中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度是中国的一项基本政治制度。改革开放以来，中国共产党一直推动这一制度不断发展完善。
九寨沟的美首先在于色彩缤纷的“海子”（高山湖泊）。在翠绿苍茫的原始森林中，数十座雪峰高插云霄，峰顶终年雪光闪闪。100多个大大小小的.湖泊就像颗颗璀璨的宝石，镶嵌在彩带般的山谷中。这些湖泊相传是男神向女神求爱时送给她的100多面镜子。小的只有半亩左右，大的达千亩以上。湖底为乳白色的可溶性石灰岩，湖水清澈见底，蓝天、白云、雪山、森林倒映湖中，五光十色，美丽如画。沃诺色莫山旁边有著名的五花海，湖面圆形，据说是女神沃诺色莫梳妆时用的镜子。
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