勇气的英语作文

时间：2024-05-24 09:26:09 勇气我要投稿

（合集）勇气的英语作文

　　在日常的学习、工作、生活中，大家都接触过作文吧，作文是一种言语活动，具有高度的综合性和创造性。相信许多人会觉得作文很难写吧，下面是小编精心整理的勇气的英语作文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

（合集）勇气的英语作文

勇气的英语作文1

　　Hemingway often thought of courage as a person's ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death.His theme is presented in his novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls?" the story "The Old Man and the Sea" and in our textbook "A Day's Wait".By misunderstanding a different thermometer the boy thought he was running a high fever and would soon die.But he took his death bravely and waited quietly for it.The boy showed us he had courage.

　　I think such a definition of courage is far from enough.Courage should not be limited and related only to death.In ordinary life there are common things that also show a person's courage.For example,on a bus trip,a thief was trying to steal a girl's purse.Some people saw it,but kept quiet.They were afraid to be revenged by the thief.The brave stood out and stopped the thief.

　　Courage means truth and justice to me.The person in a high position often hear songs in praise of him.Some people are sincere.Some are only flattering the superior in their own favor.The leader also needs courage to welcome criticism as well as those who have the courage to criticize him.Such courage may come from mutual understanding.I think a man of courage will value truth and justice,and not hesitate in his actions to do what he thinks is right,There is no such word as fear in his dictionary.

　　【参考译文】

　　海明威经常把勇气看作是一个人面对死亡时保持冷静和控制的能力，他的主题在他的小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》中呈现。故事《老人与海》，在我们的教科书《一天的等待》中，由于误解了一个不同的温度计，这个男孩以为他在发高烧，很快就会死去，但他勇敢地接受了死亡，静静地等待着，男孩向我们展示了他有勇气。

　　我认为这样一个定义的勇气是远远不够的。勇气不应该是有限的，只有死亡。在平凡的生活中有共同的东西，也可看出一个人的.勇气。比如，在公共汽车上，一个小偷在偷一个女孩的钱包。有人看见它，但保持安静。他们害怕被报复的小偷。勇敢的站出来制止小偷。

　　勇气意味着真理和正义的我，在一个很高的位置经常听到赞扬他的歌的人。有些人是真诚的。有的只是奉承上级自己青睐。领导人还需要勇气，以及那些有勇气去批评他欢迎批评。这种勇气来自相互理解。我觉得一个有勇气的人将真理和正义的价值，他会毫不犹豫地行动做他认为正确的事，没有这样的词的恐惧在他的字典。

勇气的英语作文2

　　Never shall I forget the first English lesson given by MiLiu.On that day， when she entered the classroom， we found that she was a young and beautiful lady with a big smile on her face.

　　Then she introduced herself saying that we should call her MiLiu instead of Teacher Liu， a moment later， she let all of us go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English in turn. When it was my turn， I felt so shy and fearful that I didn’t dare to say a word before the class.

　　She came up to me and said kindly， “Don’t be afraid. I believe you can do it. Come and have a try.” My face turned red when I heard that. At last， I went to the blackboard and was able to do it quite well. She praised for what I had done. Up to now， I can still remember her words in the first English lesson： “Practice makes perfect. Don’t lose your courage when you meet with difficulties. Try on and on until you succeed.”

　　Don’t Lose Your Courage

　　Never shall I forget the first English lesson given by MiLiu. On that day， when she entered the classroom， we found that she was a young and beautiful lady with a big smile on her face. Then she introduced herself saying that we should call her MiLiu instead of Teacher Liu， a moment later， she let all of us go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English in turn. When it was my turn， I felt so shy and fearful that I didn’t dare to say a word before the class. She came up to me and said kindly， “Don’t be afraid. I believe you can do it. Come and have a try.” My face turned red when I heard that. At last， I went to the blackboard and was able to do it quite well. She praised for what I had done. Up to now， I can still remember her words in the first English lesson： “Practice makes perfect. Don’t lose your courage when you meet with difficulties. Try on and on until you succeed.”

　　We Must Face Failure

　　As we all know, "Failure is the mother of success." But few people can really understand what the saying means.In the world, I am sure that no one dare say he hasn't met any trouble all his life. So we must face failure. In fact, failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly. Facing failure, people will never take their fate lying down. They will try their best to work harder and harder until at last they succeed.

　　Not being courageous to face setbacks, people have no chance to enjoy the pleasure of success. So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all day and all night. In fact, they lose the chance of succethemselves.My friend, whenever in trouble, please remember, "Failure is the mother of success."

勇气的英语作文3

　　never shall i forget the first English lesson given by miss liu. on that day， when she entered the classroom， we found that she was a young and beautiful lady with a big smile on her face.

　　then she introduced herself saying that we should call her miss liu instead of teacher liu， a moment later， she let all of us go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English in turn. when it was my turn， i felt so shy and fearful that i didn’t dare to say a word before the class.

　　she came up to me and said kindly， “don’t be afraid. i believe you can do it. come and have a try.” my face turned red when i heard that. at last， i went to the blackboard and was able to do it quite well. she praised for what i had done. up to now， i can still remember her words in the first English lesson： “practice makes perfect. don’t lose your courage when you meet with difficulties. try on and on until you succeed.”

勇气的英语作文4

　　Courage is very important. Everyone needs it. We will meet many difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage. If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything; we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word forever,” never lose courage .”

　　勇气是很重要的。每个人都需要它。我们在生活中会遇到许多困难，有时我们会失败，但我们不能丧失勇气。如果我们失去勇气，我们什么也做不了，因为我们不敢做任何事情;我们害怕失败。这是我的.语文老师，我在一等舱。我同意他的观点。例如，我们没有勇气举手回答，我们怎么知道自己是对的还是错的呢?。我将永远记住他的话：“永远不要丧失勇气。”

勇气的英语作文5

　　Courage is very important.

　　Everyone needs it. We will meet many difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage. If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything; we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our answer, how can we know we are right or wrong.

　　I will remember his word forever,” never lose courage .”

勇气的英语作文6

　　I am not a brave girl, I am afraid of losing face in front of my friends and parents, so I always let the chance go and refuse to try. Once, I have a chance to take a performance in the Christmas show, but thinking about if I performed badly, all my friends would laugh at me, so I gave up the chance. But now, I am tired of letting so many chances to go, I want to try, after seeing my friends take all the chances to try, I am not going to be the outsider all the time, I want to live my own life and make some differences. People say failure is not terrible, the unforgettable thing are to lose the courage to try and then making all kinds of excuses. Let’s take out our courage and do what we want to do.

　　勇气

　　我不是一个勇敢的女孩，我怕在我的朋友和父母面前丢了面子，所以我总是让机会去拒绝尝试。有一次，我有机会参加圣诞秀演出，但想着如果我表现不好，我所有的.朋友会笑我，所以我放弃了机会。但现在，我累了让那么多机会去的，我想试试，看我的朋友们把所有的机会去尝试之后，我不会成为局外人的时候，我要过我自己的生活，使一些差异。人们说，失败并不可怕，令人难忘的东西都失去勇于尝试，然后做出各种借口。让我们拿出我们的勇气，做我们想做的事情。

勇气的英语作文7

　　In the matter of courage we have our limits. There never was a hero who did not have his bounds. I suppose it may be said of Nelson and all the others whose courage has been advertised that there came times in their lives when their bravery knew it had come to its limit.

　　I have found mine a good many times. Sometimes this was expected--often it was unexpected. I know a man who is not afraid to sleep with a rattle-snake, but you could not get him to sleep with a safety-razor.

　　I never had the courage to talk across a long, narrow room. I should be at the end of the room facing all the audience. If I attempt to talk across a room I find myself turning this way and that, and thus at alternate periods I have part of the audience behind me. You ought never to have any part of the audience behind you; you never can tell what they are going to do.

勇气的英语作文8

　　人人都说上课发言需用勇气，谁说不是呢。今天老师说了只要没上过台的小组就要挨罚。我们组据差点挨罚了呢!

　　事情是这样的：我们今天有两节课，第一节课的气氛好不错，有许多小组都上台展示了，为了是这种浓厚的学习气氛更充分的在班内洋溢，老师就在下课的时候说每个小组必须上台，不然就有加罚。这可为难了我们组。

　　为了不能加罚我们是拼了命的练习，终于上课了。一上课老师就开始进行小组展示，第一个上的是王佩云他们组，说实话他们组展示的.还真不错，加入了许多人物对话和动作。

　　当我们组要向他们组发起挑战时，老师居然没叫我们。接下来一连好几次都是这样。最后我们组生气了，老师让我们交流完第八段后，我们毅然的举起了手，老师叫我们了。我们太兴奋了，以至于兴奋的忘了词。轮到我们的时候我忘了怎莫说。还好因为周老师问大家是不是没准备好。大家说是，所以我们又准备了一会。

　　这一会为了证明我们是有勇气上台的，所以我们大声自信的说出了那句话，赢得了大家的掌声，还为小组加了一颗星，那一刻我太高兴了。

　　发言需要勇气，我就是我，是颜色不一样的烟火!

勇气的英语作文9

　　In the matter of courage we all have our limits. There never was a hero who did not have his bounds.

　　I suppose it may be said of Nelson and all the others whose courage has been advertised that there came times in their lives when their bravery knew it had come to its limit.

　　I have found mine a good many times. Sometimes this was expected--often it was unexpected.

　　I know a man who is not afraid to sleep with a rattle-snake, but you could not get him to sleep with a safety-razor.

　　I never had the courage to talk across a long, narrow room.

　　I should be at the end of the room facing all the audience.

　　If I attempt to talk across a room I find myself turning this way and that, and thus at alternate periods I have part of the audience behind me.

　　You ought never to have any part of the audience behind you; you never can tell what they are going to do.

勇气的英语作文10

　　"For the win."

　　Doing everything needs enough courage, no courage can't overcome difficulties, no courage, no success. In our study, the life; Work, courage is very important.

　　But I was lack of courage.

　　If I didn't have the courage to let my mother come to their senses the little duck away, maybe it won't starve to death in the street.

　　If I have the courage to raise your hand to speak in class, so many honors will not pass with me.

　　If I have the courage to call dad, and give me $1 COINS to the hair full of stains or spots are begging to pedestrians granny, let her eat a bowl of porridge, fill the stomach.

　　If I have the courage to give at that time and a few German shepherd against risks to save the dog, maybe it has a chance to live, but I don't have, I stood there watching for a long time, ten minutes... Twenty minutes, my in the mind have emerged that battle, I think I how so weak, even a dog can't save.

　　Don't have the guts to makes people sad, later I must have more sharpening, correct this shortcoming.

　　We must summon up courage, in the way of life bravely "go!"

　　“狭路相逢勇者胜”。

　　做任何事都需要十足的勇气，没有勇气就克服不了困难，没有勇气就取得不了成功。在我们的学习、生活中;工作中，勇气是至关重要的.。

　　而我却缺乏了勇气。

　　如果我当时有勇气让妈妈回心转意不把小鸭子赶走，也许它也不会饿死在街头。

　　要是课堂上我有勇气举手发言，那么许多荣誉也不会与我擦肩而过。

　　如果我有勇气叫住爸爸，并给我一元硬币送给那位白发斑斑正在向行人乞讨的老奶奶，让她吃碗稀饭，填饱肚子。

　　如果我有勇气在当时舍身冒着和几条狼狗对抗的风险去救那只小狗，也许它还有活着的机会，可是我没有，我站在那儿看了好久，十分钟……二十分钟，我心里一直浮现那场争斗的画面，我想我自己怎么那么懦弱，连一只小狗也救不了。

　　没有勇气会使人伤心，以后我一定多多磨练自己，改正这个缺点。

　　我们一定要鼓起勇气，在人生的道路上勇敢地“冲”!

勇气的英语作文11

　　Courage is very important. Everyone needs it.

　　We will meet many difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we cant lose courage. If we lose courage, we cant do anything, because we dont dare to do anything; we are afraid of failure.

　　This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I agree with him. For example, we dont have the courage to hands up to say our answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word forever,” never lose courage .”

勇气的英语作文12

　　What do you need for success? Seeing this problem, I think of a thing that I will never forget.

　　It was a year ago in the summer, when I liked sports very much and I like to follow fashion trends. No, this year, the popular "snake skateboard" I also bought one with my own pocket money. However, no matter how I worked, the final result was two words "failure" and I was badly hit. I gave up.

　　Two months later, the whole community, all the children will play, only I can not. I feel very dishonest. But I can't learn more now, because I go downstairs and learn to be laughed at by others. I don't have the courage to have no confidence in myself.

　　After her mother knew it, I took me to the Tianhe square to learn the skateboard, because the place there was big and flat, and no one knew me. No one would laugh at me, so I let go of my courage and try it again and again. Practice again and again. Fall over and over again and again. Again and again climb up. I don't know how many times I went through. But I don't give up being discouraged. I've summed up a lot of experience from a failure and found a lot of tricks.

　　At last, in this time, I learned patience and courage. I succeeded! I skate on the skateboard, and the joy of success doesn't know how to express it in language.

　　In this study, I not only learned the skateboard, but also felt the happiness of success. It takes patience and courage to know more about success. Success belongs to the person who is brave enough to pay.

勇气的英语作文13

　　There is a valuable and cracked gem. If we can divide the beautiful gem into two halves, it will become two precious stones. Facing such a difficult choice is experience important or courage important?

　　In case of such a valuable jewel, there is a mistake. No doubt, it must be compensated. Even then rich experience, old age craftsman again big also dare not rashly, all decline, are not willing to try, adventure.

　　In the end, the two halves of the jade are not a skilled craftsman. The unexpected is: a lack of experience of the apprentice myself, willing to try. Don't look at the apprentice young age, lack of experience, but his courage is full of courage, no matter how difficult things will be nothing difficult, of course the young apprentice split this piece of jade is relatively simple.

　　I believe that anyone will succeed with courage.

　　If you don't have the courage to try, you will never get the fruit of success!

　　This is like learning, each classroom teacher put forward, don't belittle, must actively answer, even if wrong do not be afraid of the students laughed at, perhaps your classmates will therefore worship you, appreciate you, as long as you dare to try. Even if it is wrong, it doesn't matter, at least you are several times better than those who don't dare to try, and dare to try, and you will take the first step to the road to success.

　　Riding a bike is so, not everyone is born to ride a bike, the bicycle also need courage, if you sit up, did not dare to try, afraid of falling, only you dare to try, not afraid to fall, not afraid of pain, even once a fall from the car, you have a once again to sit for a long time, naturally learned how to ride a bicycle.

　　Let's give you an example. English is a most important lessons, everyone knows, if you want to learn English well you must read, speak and sing, there may be some shy students, because of their English reading fluency that other students do not want to, will not dare to read aloud, also did not dare to speak, dare not sing. To learn English, the most important is cheeky, even if you don't read fluently, you have to take you to learn English and learn English well of courage, perseverance. Read repeatedly every day, and over time, your English will be surprisingly good!

　　Chances are not by waiting, but by ourselves.

　　With courage, "success" will appear.

　　A man's life is like splitting stones. Only if you don't fear difficulties, meet setbacks and go forward bravely, believe in yourself and win all your frustrations on your own courage, you must have succeeded.

勇气的英语作文14

　　我不是一个勇敢的女孩，我害怕在我的朋友和父母面前丢脸，所以我总是让机会去拒绝尝试。有一次，我有机会在圣诞晚会上表演，但是想到我表现不好，我所有的朋友都会笑话我，所以我放弃了机会。但是现在，我已经厌倦了让这么多机会去，我想尝试，在看到我的朋友尝试所有的.机会，我不会一直是局外人，我想过我自己的生活，做一些分歧。人们说失败并不可怕，令人难忘的是失去勇气去尝试，然后做出各种借口。让我们拿出勇气，做我们想做的事。

勇气的英语作文15

　　勇气是人类文明亘古不变的主题，但是对勇气的系统性研究却是最近才开始的。什么是勇气？勇气从何而来？它在身体和大脑中是如何体现的？为何我们会对它如此之挚爱？没有恐惧感是不是件好事情呢？本文将一一予以解答。

　　In his 20 years as a firefighter and paramedic in Colorado Springs, Bruce Monson, 43, has had his little fist-bumps with death: a burning roof collapsing on top of him, toxic fumes nearly suffocating him.

　　在其作为科罗拉多斯普林斯（Colorado Springs）市消防员和急救人员的20年生涯里，43岁的布鲁斯·蒙逊（Bruce Monson）跟死神有过小小的亲密接触：一座燃烧的屋顶从他头顶坍塌，有毒气体几乎令其窒息。

　　Yet far more terrifying than any personal threats are what Mr. Monson describes as the "bad kid calls," like the one from a mother who had put her 18-month-old son down in his crib right next to a window with a Venetian blind and its old-fashioned cord.

　　但是比所有的个人威胁都要恐怖得多的，是被蒙逊先生描述为"捣蛋鬼电话"的，就像是一位妈妈打过来的电话一样，这位母亲把自己18个月大的孩子放到了婴儿床上，而婴儿床则正好靠近一个带有软百叶窗和老式绳索的窗户。

　　"The kid had grabbed the cord and gotten it twisted around his neck, and the mother came in and found him hanging there," said Mr. Monson. "I'm the first one in the door, she's in a panic, and she shoves the kid into my arms, crying, 'Please save him, please save him!' "

　　"小孩抓住了那条绳子，然后被绳子绕住了自己的脖子，接着母亲进来就发现他悬在那里了"，蒙逊先生说："我是第一个上门的，她还在恐慌之中，一把就将孩子塞到我手臂里，哭着说，'请救救他，快救救他！'"。

　　The child's body was blue, but Mr. Monson and his fellows met parental despair with professional focus and did everything they could. "We worked on him for over an hour," said Mr. Monson. "It's like a state of calm. You're so tuned in to what you're doing, you're not thinking about the reality of the situation."

　　孩子的身体都已经发紫了，但蒙逊先生和同伴的职业素养遭遇了父母的绝望眼神，他们竭尽所能。"我们在孩子身上努力了一个多钟头"，蒙逊先生说："那就好像是进入了一种入定的状态。你对自己的正在做的事情是如此的全神贯注，以至于到了弃现实情况于不顾的地步"。

　　Their best was not enough, however, and later, at the hospital, the terrible sadness settled in.

　　然而，尽其所能仍回天乏力，随后在医院里传来了噩耗。

　　As Mr. Monson filled out his report, the mother sat in the trauma room's designated "bereavement rocking chair," rocking her dead son, saying her goodbyes, while family members filed in and wailed at the sight.

　　正如蒙逊在报告中所写的那样，那位母亲坐在创伤室指定的"丧亲摇摇椅"上，不断摇晃着她死去的孩子，喃喃着自己的告别，此情此景，一旁的家庭成员也哀嚎不已。

　　An image of that mother in her rocking chair comes to Mr. Monson's mind every time he answers another "bad kid" call, spurring him to keep going, to never give up or grow sloppy or cynical, to simply do his job; and through doing his job, he has saved far more lives than he has lost.

　　每次接到一个又一个的"捣蛋鬼"电话时，蒙逊先生的脑海总会浮现出那位母亲坐在摇摇椅上的景象，激励着他不断前进，永不放弃，永远都不能麻痹大意或者是愤世嫉俗，只想着做好自己的工作；通过他的努力，他所救活的生命远远超过了失去的。

　　Only once did he allow the furniture connection to spook him — when his own wife was at the same hospital having emergency surgery for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and his young daughter happened to climb onto the bereavement seat. "I knew it was a totally irrational thing to do," he said, "but I made her get out of that chair."

　　这种联想只有一次让他被吓到了—— 当他自己的妻子因为宫外孕破裂在同一家医院接受急救手术的时候，他年轻的女儿恰巧爬上了那张丧亲之椅。"我知道，这完全是一件荒谬的事情"，他说："但是我把她从椅子上弄下来了"。

　　Courage is something that we want for ourselves in gluttonous portions and adore in others without qualification. Yet for all the longstanding centrality of courage to any standard narrative of human greatness, only lately have researchers begun to study it systematically, to try to define what it is and is not, where it comes from, how it manifests itself in the body and brain, who we might share it with among nonhuman animals, and why we love it so much.

　　勇气是某种我们希望自己富有并无保留地仰慕别人拥有的东西。在人类文明的任何标准记叙当中，勇气的中心地位一直是屹立不倒的，尽管如此，但是研究者也只是最近才开始对它进行系统性的研究，试图去定义什么是勇气，什么不是勇气，勇气从何而来，它在身体和大脑中是如何体现的，在非人类的动物里面我们会跟谁分享勇气，以及为何我们会对它如此之挚爱。

　　A new report in the journal Current Biology describes the case of a woman whose rare congenital syndrome has left her completely, outrageously fearless, raising the question of whether it's better to conquer one's fears, or to never feel them in the first place.

　　《现代生物学》杂志的一份新报告描述了一个案例，一位患有罕见的先天性综合症的女人，在全然无所畏惧的情况下彻底痊愈，报告向我们提出了一个问题，是否说克服恐惧，或者永远不把恐惧摆在首位是不是会更好？

　　In another recent study, neuroscientists scanned the brains of subjects as they struggled successfully to overcome their terror of snakes, identifying regions of the brain that may be key to our everyday heroics.

　　在另一份最新研究中，神经系统科学家扫描了成功克服了对蛇的恐惧感的研究对象的大脑，确定了有可能是我们平常英雄事迹的关键的大脑区域。

　　Researchers in the Netherlands are exploring courage among children, to see when the urge for courage first arises, and what children mean when they call themselves brave.

　　荷兰的研究者正在探索儿童的勇气之源，试图找出什么时候会催生出勇气来，以及孩子们自称勇敢时其意思是什么。

　　The theme of courage claims a long and gilded ancestry. Plato included courage among the four cardinal or principal virtues, along with wisdom, justice and moderation.

　　勇气这个主题有着久远而辉煌的历史。柏拉图把勇气与智慧、正义及节制一起，列为四种体液或称之为四美德。

　　"As a major virtue, courage helps to define the excellent person and is no mere optional trait," writes George Kateb, a political theorist and emeritus professor at Princeton University. "One of the worst reproaches in the world is to be called a coward."

　　"作为一项主要美德，勇气帮助我们定义优秀之人，它不是可有可无的选项"，普林斯顿大学的政治理论家和名誉教授乔治·卡泰（George Kateb）说："这个世界上最糟糕的指责之一就是被称为懦夫"。

　　Yet defining what it means to be courageous has often proved as thistly as distinguishing the wise ones from the fools. For Plato and many other authorities, courage is above all a martial art, most readily displayed on the battlefield — the iconic brave solder running into the line of fire to retrieve an injured comrade.

　　但是，要界定什么是勇敢，往往被证明跟在愚者中区分出智者一样的棘手。对于柏拉图和许多其他的权威来说，勇气首先是一种搏击术，最容易在战场上展示出来——标志性的铁血战士冲破火线救出受伤的战友。

　　But Dr. Kateb points out that if courage finds its highest expression in war, then the trait paradoxically becomes an immoral virtue, ennobling war and carnage by insisting that only in battle can men — and it usually is men — discover the depths of their nobility.

　　但是卡泰博士指出，如果说勇敢在战争中有最高表现的话，那么其特点就自相矛盾地成为不道德的美德，强调人们，通常是指男人，只有通过战争才能发掘其灵魂深处的高贵，从而把战争和屠杀高尚化。

　　Marilynne Robinson, the novelist and social critic, has observed that courage is "dependent on cultural definition" and "rarely expressed except where there is sufficient consensus to support it." Where religious martyrdom is lionized, there will be martyrs; where social or political protest is seen as glorious warfare in civvies, there will be a rash of red-faced declaimers, soapboxes on every street.

　　玛丽琳·罗宾逊（Marilynne Robinson），小说家和社会评论家，她已经注意到勇气"依赖于文化定义"，"很少被表达出来，除了在得到足够的舆论支持的场合"。在为宗教而罹难者被奉为圣人的地方，就会有殉道者；在社会或政治抗议被视为光荣的平民斗争的地方，每一条街道临时搭建的演讲台上就都会充斥着面红耳赤、激昂陈词的演说家。

　　In pioneering work from 1970s and beyond, Stanley J. Rachman of the University of British Columbia and others studied the physiology and behavior of paratroopers as they prepared for their first parachute jump.

　　在上世纪70年代及之后的开创性工作中，不列颠哥伦比亚大学的斯坦利.J.拉赫曼（Stanley J.Rachman）等人在其首次跳伞准备的过程中研究了伞兵的生理及行为特征。

　　The work revealed three basic groups: the preternaturally fearless, who displayed scant signs of the racing heart, sweaty palms, spike in blood pressure and other fight-or-flight responses associated with ordinary fear, and who jumped without hesitation; the handwringers, whose powerful fear response at the critical moment kept them from jumping; and finally, the ones who reacted physiologically like the handwringers but who acted like the fearless leapers, and, down the hatch.

　　这项工作发现了三个基本组别：超乎寻常的大无畏者，很少表现出心跳加速、血压升高、手心出汗及其他的与平常恐惧有关的战或逃反应，在跳伞的时候总是毫不犹豫；踌躇紧张者，在关键时刻其强大的恐惧反应令其不敢跳下；以及最后一组，在生理反应上与踌躇紧张者一致，但却像无畏的跳伞者一样行动、最终跳下舱口的人。

　　These last Dr. Rachman deemed courageous, defining courage as "behavioral approach in spite of the experience of fear." By that expansive definition, courage becomes democratized and demilitarized, the property of any wallflower who manages to give the convention speech, or the math phobe who decides to take calculus.

　　其中最后一组被拉赫曼博士视为勇敢，即"弃恐惧体验于不顾的行为方式"。按照这种扩展性定义，勇气变得民主化和非军事化，它是任何一位设法进行提名演讲的局外人的专属，或者是一位对数学恐惧的人决定去学微积分。

　　Through interviews with some 320 children aged 8 to 13, Peter Muris of Erasmus University Rotterdam and his colleagues found that children also equate courage with the conquering of one's fears, and more than 70 percent of the respondents claimed they had performed one or more brave acts, including rescuing a little brother who'd fallen in the swimming pool, saving a cat from a tree, biking home through the woods at night, and stealing money from one's mother's purse — yes, that will make the heart race, all right.

　　通过对大概320位年龄在8岁到3岁之间的小孩的采访，鹿特丹大学（Erasmus University Rotterdam）的彼得·缪里斯（Peter Muris）及其同事发现，孩子们也把克服恐惧等同视为勇敢的表现，超过70%的调查对象声称自己进行了一或多项勇敢的行为，包括搭救跌落泳池的小弟弟，拯救树上的一个小猫咪，晚上穿越树林骑车回家，以及从妈妈钱包里偷东西——是的'，这些都会令心跳加速，好吧。

　　Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Montana, also distinguishes between animals that behave boldly for lack of experience — like mockingbirds unfamiliar with humans that will alight on the rim of a person's cup to take a drink — and those that are aware of a danger but proceed in the face of it.

　　乔尔·博格（Joel Berger），野生动物保护协会及蒙大拿大学的一位生物学家，也把缺乏经验而行为大胆的动物区分出来——像不熟悉人类的嘲鸟会飞落到某人杯子的边缘喝上一口——而那些意识到危险的则会弃之不顾继续飞行。

　　He cited the time he and his colleagues had immobilized a young bison in preparation for taking blood samples, and when they returned, an unrelated adult male bison was standing guard over the yearling, refusing to let the scientists approach.

　　他举了一个例子，某次自己和同事固定住一头年轻的野牛，准备采血样，当他们回来的时候，一头不相干的成年雄性野牛却守卫在小牛的周围，拒绝让科学家靠近。

　　"He knew that he could be attacked by us, and there was no genetic kinship involved," said Dr. Berger. "Courage may be a human construct, but I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act."

　　"它知道自己有可能被我们攻击，而且它们之间也没有遗传的亲缘关系"，博格说："勇敢也许是人类行为，但是我会把这一举动称为有胆量、甚至是英勇行为"。

　　Seeking to capture the sensation of courage in real time, Yadin Dudai, a neurobiologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and his colleagues scanned the brains of people with a known phobia toward snakes as they were confronted with a live, large, harmless but indubitably serpentine corn snake.

　　为了能实时捕捉到勇敢的体验，以色列雷霍沃特魏茨曼科学研究所的也丁·杜代（Yadin Dudai）及其同事，在一个放有一条大型的、活体的、无害的但是的确是蛇无疑的玉米锦蛇的现场扫描了一位已知对蛇有恐惧感的人的大脑。

　　Lying in the scanner, the subjects could choose either to allow a box holding the snake to come closer, or to keep it away. As reported last June in the journal Neuron, the participants who squelched their terror and pressed the "snake approach" button showed activation of a brain region called the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.

　　躺在扫描仪里，受试者可以选择让装有蛇的箱体靠近自己，或把它拿开。根据去年6月《神经元》杂志的报导，克服了自己恐惧感、按下"让蛇靠近"按钮的受试者，在一个被称为亚属前扣带皮质的大脑区域发现有活动。

　　Located toward the front of the brain, the structure has been implicated in depression and, intriguingly, altruistic behavior, and is thought to help negotiate between emotion and cognition, impulse and calculation.

　　该结构位于大脑的前部，与抑郁、魅力及利他行为有关联，被认为是在情感和认知、冲动和考量之间起到帮助的部分。

　　The thumb-size bundle of neurons acknowledges the yellow belly within but then moves to stanch its quivering power. And it does this in large part by dialing down the activity of the amygdala, long known as the brain's central headquarters of fear.

　　这个拇指大小的神经元束能认知内在的懦弱，但是随后会转移到平息颤抖的能量。它会在很大程度上降低黄杏体的活动，长久以来那都被认为是恐惧的中枢。

　　For the serious cowards among us, the chronic need to conquer fear can get tedious. Why not just skip the anterior cingulate reveille and muzzle the brain's fear response for good? The story of SM, a 44-year-old woman whose rare genetic condition has selectively destroyed the brain's twinned set of amygdala, shows the clear downside of a life without fear.

　　对于我们当中具有严重胆怯的人来说，习惯性的克服恐惧的需要会变得乏味起来。何不干脆一劳永逸地无视大脑前扣带的起床号，让大脑对恐惧的反应缄默呢？那个SM的故事，一位患有罕见遗传病的44岁女人选择性地破坏其大脑孪生杏黄体集之后的结果，表明了缺乏恐惧的生活的明显缺陷。

　　As Justin Feinstein, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Iowa, and his colleagues describe in Current Biology, the otherwise normal SM is incapable of being spooked.

　　正如衣阿华大学的临床神经心理学家贾斯汀·范士丹（Justin Feinstein）及其同事在《当代生物学》杂志中所描述的那样，在其他方面正常的SM对受惊吓已无反应。

　　She claimed to fear snakes and spiders, and maybe she did in her pre-disease childhood, but when the researchers took her to an exotic pet store, they were astonished to see that not only did she not avoid the snakes and spiders, she was desperate to hold them close.

　　她宣称害怕蛇和蜘蛛，也许她在患病前的儿童时期的确如此，但是当她被研究人员带到一个国外的宠物店的时候，他们惊奇地发现，她不仅不回避蛇和蜘蛛，而且还拼命抓起它们套近乎。

　　The researchers took SM to a haunted house, and she laughed at the scary parts and blithely made the monster-suited employees jump. She was shown clips from famous horror films like "The Silence of Lambs" and "Halloween," and she showed no flickers of fright.

　　研究人员把SM带到鬼屋，她却冲着可怕的地方大笑，还快活地让穿着怪物服装的工作人员乱跳不已。给她看著名的恐怖片像《沉默的羔羊》和《万圣节》的电影剪辑时，她都没有表现出丝毫的恐惧感。

　　This fearlessness may be fine in the safety of one's living room, but it turns out that SM makes her own horror films in real life. She walks through bad neighborhoods alone at night, approaches shady strangers without guile, and has been repeatedly threatened with death.

　　这种大无畏也许在一个人的客厅里面是安全的，但是事实证明，SM在现实生活中制造了她自己的恐怖电影。她晚上独自一人穿过其恶邻的屋子，毫不保留地接近名声不好的陌生人，并以多次受到死亡的威胁。

　　"We have an individual who's constantly putting herself into harm's way," said Mr. Feinstein. "If we had a million SMs walking around, the world would be a total mess."

　　"这里我们看到了一个不断将自己置身于伤害方式的个体"，范士丹先生说："如果我们周围有一百万个SM在游荡的话，整个世界都将变得一团糟"。

　　The bad calls would keep coming, and the rocking chairs never stop.

　　捣蛋鬼电话仍在不断打进来，而摇摇椅则永远也不会停止摇摆。

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